# Introduction ## Historical Background ### Pre-colonial Era ### Spanish Colonial Period ### American Colonial Period ### Post-independence Era # Government Structure ## Executive Branch ### Office of the President ### Cabinet and Executive Departments ## Legislative Branch ### Congress of the Philippines #### House of Representatives #### Senate ## Judicial Branch ### Supreme Court ### Lower Courts # Local Government ## Administrative Divisions ### Provinces ### Cities and Municipalities ### Barangays ## Autonomy and Special Regions ### Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) ### Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) # Political Parties and Elections ## Major Political Parties ## Electoral System ### Presidential Elections ### Legislative Elections ### Local Elections # Political Issues ## Corruption ## Human Rights ## Economic Policies ## Foreign Relations # Notable Political Figures ## Presidents ## Vice Presidents ## Other Influential Leaders