The political structure of the Philippines has seen several recent developments and reforms aimed at enhancing the stability and functionality of its party system. One significant area of focus has been addressing the issues related to excessive party switching, which has been identified as a factor that weakens accountability and the ideological coherence of the party-based democracy in the country[25]. In response, there have been numerous legislative attempts to strengthen and institutionalize a stable party system, recognizing the importance of political parties in ensuring responsible governance[16][26]. Additionally, the Philippines has implemented the party-list system as a mechanism of proportional representation. This system aims to ensure a more equitable representation in the House of Representatives by allowing national, sectoral, and regional parties to participate in the legislative process[5]. These reforms reflect an ongoing commitment to refining the political landscape to better serve the democratic interests of the nation.