Title: 1 Branches Of Government
Course: Philippines_Political_Structure > Section: Module 1: 1 Branches Of Government

1. Branches of Government

A. Executive Branch

- Definition: The executive branch is responsible for enforcing laws and administering the government.
- Key Components:
  - President: The head of state and government, elected for a single six-year term. The president wields significant power, including appointing cabinet members and other officials, directing foreign policy, and ensuring laws are executed.
  - Vice President: Assists the president and assumes their role in case of absence, resignation, or death.
  - Cabinet: Composed of department heads who advise the president and oversee various government sectors (e.g., health, education, defense).

Example: As of 2023, Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr. serves as the President of the Philippines, leading the government in implementing laws and policies.

B. Legislative Branch

- Definition: This branch is responsible for making laws and consists of a bicameral Congress.
- Key Components:
  - Senate: Composed of 24 Senators elected to serve six-year terms. The Senate conducts hearings, debates bills, and represents the interests of the public.
  - House of Representatives: Made up of various representatives from districts across the country, with members serving three-year terms. This body initiates legislation, particularly regarding taxation and appropriation.

Example: The passage of the Universal Health Care Law in 2019 illustrates the legislative process, where both the Senate and the House worked collaboratively to create and enact health policies.

C. Judicial Branch

- Definition: This branch interprets the law and administers justice.
- Key Components:
  - Supreme Court: The highest court in the Philippines, composed of justices appointed by the president. The Supreme Court decides on significant legal and constitutional issues.
  - Lower Courts: These include various regional trial courts and municipal courts that handle smaller and less complex cases.

Example: The Supreme Court’s ruling on the legality of the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 showcases its pivotal role in interpreting laws and protecting citizens’ rights.

2. Local Government Units (LGUs)