Title: What Is The Constitution
Course: Philippines_Political_Structure > Section: Module 108: What Is The Constitution

What is the Constitution?

The Constitution is the supreme law of the land. It outlines the structure of the government, defines the powers and duties of its various branches, and establishes the rights of the citizens. In the Philippines, the current Constitution is known as the 1987 Constitution, which was ratified after the People Power Revolution that ousted dictator Ferdinand Marcos.

Key Features of the 1987 Constitution:

1. Preamble:
  - The introduction states the purpose of the Constitution and highlights national sovereignty, democracy, and social justice.
Example: “We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society…”
2. Article Structure:
  - The Constitution is divided into multiple articles that address different aspects of governance.

Major Articles:

- Article II - Declaration of Principles and State Policies:
  - It establishes the guiding principles governing the nation, affirming its commitment to democracy, and outlining the role of the State in promoting social justice.
Example: It mandates that the State values human dignity and guarantees full respect for human rights.
- Article III - Bill of Rights:
  - This section enumerates the rights guaranteed to all citizens, such as the right to free speech, assembly, and due process of law.
Example: The right to free speech is protected under this article, allowing citizens to express their opinions without fear of governmental retaliation.
- Article VI - The Legislative Branch:
  - It details the structure, powers, and functions of the legislature, which consists of the Senate and House of Representatives.
Example: It provides that Congress has the power to enact laws, control the budget, and declare war.
- Article VII - The Executive Branch:
  - This article outlines the powers of the President, who acts as the head of state and government.
Example: The President is granted the authority to appoint members of the Cabinet and issue executive orders.
- Article VIII - The Judicial Branch:
  - It explains the structure and powers of the judiciary, emphasizing independence from the other branches of government.
Example: The Supreme Court, the highest court, has the power to interpret laws and adjudicate cases.

Historical Context