# embeddings_queue

created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:34
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p22-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 22, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "conjugation\nCilia\nFacultative\nanaerobe\nIngestion via\ncytostome,\nfood\nvacuole\nSporozoa\nUnicellular,\nfrequently\nintracellular;\nmultiple\nforms, including\ntrophozoites,\nsporozoites, cysts\n(oocysts), gametes\nSchizogony and\nsporogony\nNone\nFacultative\nanaerobe\nSimple\ndiffusion\nHelminths\nCestodes\nMulticellular; head\nwith segmented\nbody\n(proglottids); lack\nof\ndigestive tract;\nhead\nequipped with\nhooks\nand/or suckers for\nattachment\nHermaphroditic\nNo single\norganelle;\nusually\nattachment\nto mucosa;\npossible\nmuscular\nmotility\n(proglottids)\nAdults\nusually\nanaerobic\nAbsorption of\nnutrients from\nintestines\nTrematodes\nMulticellular; leaf\nshaped with oral\nand\nventral suckers,\nand\nblind alimentary\ntract\nHermaphroditic;\nSchistosoma\nspp. has\nseparate sexes\nNo single\norganelle;\nmuscle\ndirected\nmotility\nAdults\nusually\nanaerobic\nIngestion or\nabsorption of\nbody fluids,\ntissue, or\ndigestive\ncontents\nNematodes\nMulticellular;\nround,\nsmooth, spindle\nshaped, tubular\ndigestive tract;\npossibility of teeth\nor"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:34
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p23-c2-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 23, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "b.\nLytic necrosis\nc.\nStimulation of host tissue reaction\nd.\nToxic and allergic reactions\n9.\nvectors, except:\nThe following parasites are transmitted by bite of blood-sucking\ninsect\na.\nToxoplasma gondii\nc.\nLeishmania spp."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:34
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p28-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 28, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "7.\nWhich of the following is the longest of the\ntapeworms?\na.\nDiphyllobothrium latum\nc.\nHymenolepis nana\nb.\nEchinococcus granulosus\nd.\nTaenia solium\n8.\nInfection with the broad fish tapeworm can lead to which of the\nfollowing?\na.\nVitamin B12 deficiency\nc.\nPernicious anemia\nb.\nIron-deficiency anemia\nd.\nMicrocytic, hypochromic anemia\n9.\nWhich of the following is true of Echinococcus\ngranulosus?\na.\nThe diagnostic stage is the cyst.\nb.\nThe infective stage is the adult worm.\nc.\nEmbryos are encased within hydatid cyst.\nd.\na and c only\n10.\nWhich of the following does not require an obligatory\nintermediate host?\na.\nDiphyllobothrium latum\nc.\nHymenolepis nana\nb.\nEchinococcus granulosus\nd.\nTaenia solium\n6.\n6.\nTaenia solium?\nTaenia solium?\nWhich of the following is a feature associated with Taenia\nWhich of the following is a feature associated with Taenia\nsaginata, not\nsaginata, not\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:34
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p27-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 27, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Section:\nDate:\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the\ncorrect answer on the space provided.\n1.\nWhich of the following is not a property of\ncestodes?\na.\nAll are\nhermaphroditic.\nb.\nThe organ of attachment is the neck.\nc.\nHooks may be attached to a rostellum.\nd.\nMajority involve fecal-oral\ntransmission.\n2.\nThe intermediate host for which of the\nfollowing is cattle?\na.\nTaenia saginata\nc.\nTaenia solium\nb.\nDiphyllobothrium latum\nd.\nEchinococcus granulosus\n3.\nof the following is correct regarding the\nparasite involved?\nA 20-year-old male sought consult\nbecause of muscle pain. History\nrevealed that he is fond of eating\nhalf-cooked meat (beef and pork).\nWhich\na.\nThe infective stage in this case is the ova\nof the parasite.\nb.\nInvolvement of the\nnervous system is usually\nmild.\nc.\nAutoinfection does not occur.\nd.\nPigs are the definitive hosts while\nhumans are the intermediate hosts.\n4.\nWhich of the following cestodes has two\nintermediate hosts?\na.\nTaenia solium\nc.\nTaenia saginata\nb."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:35
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p24-c2-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 24, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "enlarged; only\ndetected\nin severe infections\n6\u201312 merozoites\narranged in\nrosettes or irregular\nclusters; central\nlocation of brown\ngreen pigment\n12\u201324 merozoites\narranged\nirregularly\n8\u201314 merozoites\nwith rosette\narrangement\nGametocyte\n\u2022 \ncrescentic\n\u2022 \nmale:\nreddish\nwith\ndiffuse chromatin\n\u2022 \nfemale:\nbluish\nwith\n\u2022 \noval\nor\nrounded\n\u2022 \nmale:\ndiffuse\nchromatin\n\u2022 \noval\nor\nrounded\n\u2022 \nmale:\ndiffuse\nchromatin\n\u2022 \noval\nor\nrounded\n\u2022 \nmale:\ndiffuse\nchromatin"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:35
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p29-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 29, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "c.\nHas male and female worms\nd.\nInfective stage is fork-tailed cercaria\n5.\nInfection with which of the following can mimic pulmonary\ntuberculosis?\na.\nClonorchis sinensis\nc.\nParagonimus westermani\nb.\nFasciola hepatica\nd.\nSchistosoma japonicum\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\n6.\n6.\nThe egg of which of the following has a large terminal\nThe egg of which of the following has a large terminal\nspine?\nspine?\nSchistosoma mansoni\na.\nSchistosoma japonicum\nc.\nb.\nSchistosoma haematobium\nd.\na and b only\n7.\nThe temporary lodgement of adult worms in the pharynx causing\nsuffocation is associated with which of the following parasites?\na.\nFasciolopsis buski\nc.\nParagonimus westermani\nb.\nFasciola hepatica\nd.\nSchistosoma japonicum\n8.\nWhich of the following is true of Katayama fever?\na.\nIt occurs with all species of Schistosoma.\nb.\nIt occurs within hours of exposure to the schistosomes.\nc.\nThe most common cause of death is bleeding from ruptured varices.\nd.\nPortal hypertension does not develop.\n9."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:35
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p31-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 31, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "4.\nCochin China diarrhea is associated with which of the\nfollowing parasites?\na.\nAscaris lumbricoides\nc.\nTrichuris trichiura\nb.\nEnterobius vermicularis\nd.\nStrongyloides stercoralis\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\n5.\n5.\nWhich of the following parasites is also known as\nWhich of the following parasites is also known as\nthreadworm?\nthreadworm?\na.\nAscaris lumbricoides\nc.\nEnterobius vermicularis\nb.\nStrongyloides stercoralis\nd.\nTrichuris trichiura\n6.\nThe natural hosts for which of the following parasites are\nmigratory birds?\na.\nNecator americanus\nc.\nStrongyloides stercoralis\nb.\nTrichinella spiralis\nd.\nCapillaria philippinensis\n7.\nface, fever, muscle pain, and rashes?\nInfection with which of the following parasites manifest as\nedema of the\na.\nStrongyloides stercoralis\nc.\nTrichinella spiralis\nb.\nAncylostoma duodenale\nd.\nAscaris lumbricoides\n8.\nL\u00f6ffler syndrome is associated with which of the\nfollowing parasites?\na.\nStrongyloides stercoralis\nc.\nTrichinella spiralis\nb.\nAncylostoma duodenale\nd."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:35
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p30-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 30, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Ascaris\nlumbricoides\n(Common\nroundworm)\nSmall intestines;\nlarvae through\nlungs\nIngestion of eggs\nfrom fecally\ncontaminated soil\nor food\nStool exam for\neggs; sputum\nexam for larvae\nAlbendazole,\nmebendazole\nAncylostoma\nduodenale,\nNecator\namericanus\n(Human\nhookworms)\nSmall intestines;\nlarvae through\nskin, lungs\nLarvae in soil\npenetrate skin\nStool exam for\neggs; sputum\nexam for larvae\nAlbendazole,\nmebendazole\nStrongyloides\nstercoralis\n(Threadworm)\nSmall intestines;\nlarvae through\nskin, lungs\nLarvae in soil\npenetrate skin;\nautoinfection\n(rare)\nStool exam,\nsputum exam\nor bronchial\nlavage for larvae\nserology\nIvermectin,\nalbendazole\nParasite/\nParasite/\nDisease\nDisease\nSite of Infection\nSite of Infection\nMode of\nMode of\nTransmission\nTransmission\nDiagnosis\nDiagnosis\nTreatment\nTreatment\nParasite/\nParasite/\nDisease\nDisease\nSite of Infection\nSite of Infection\nMode of\nMode of\nTransmission\nTransmission\nDiagnosis\nDiagnosis\nTreatment\nTreatment\nTrichinella\nspiralis\n(Muscle\nworm)"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:35
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p22-c2-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 22, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Adults\nusually\nanaerobic\nIngestion or\nabsorption of\nbody fluids,\ntissue, or\ndigestive\ncontents\nNematodes\nMulticellular;\nround,\nsmooth, spindle\nshaped, tubular\ndigestive tract;\npossibility of teeth\nor\nplates for\nattachment\nSeparate sexes\nNo single\norganelle;\nactive\nmuscular\nmotility\nAdults\nusually\nanaerobic;\nlarvae\npossibly\naerobic\nIngestion or\nabsorption of\nbody fluids,\ntissue, or\ndigestive\ncontents\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:35
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p32-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 32, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "2.\ndepth of involvement?\nThe patient's infection can be classified as which of the\nfollowing based on\na.\nSuperficial mycosis\nc.\nCutaneous mycosis\nb.\nSubcutaneous mycosis\nd.\nSystemic mycosis\n3.\nskin of infected individuals?\nWhich of the following organisms produces skin lesions that\nare described\nas cauliflower-like in appearance and are acquired through\ncontact with\na.\nHerpes simplex 1\nc.\nSporothrix schenckii\nb.\nHuman papillomavirus\nd.\nMadurella spp.\n4.\nfollowing characterizes the probable causative\nagent?\nYou consult your dermatologist because of several \"pimple-\nlike\" lesions on\nyour scalp that looked infected. The diagnosis was folliculitis.\nWhich of the\na.\nGram-positive diplococci, lancet-shaped\nb.\nGram-positive cocci in clusters\nc.\nGram-positive cocci, beta-hemolytic\nd.\nGram-positive bacilli, anaerobic\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\n5.\n5.\nreactivation of lesions?\nreactivation of lesions?\nWhich of the following is characterized by periods of"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:35
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p28-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 28, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Which of the following is a feature associated with Taenia\nsaginata, not\nsaginata, not\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on\nthe space provided.\n1.\nimproperly cooked aquatic vegetation?\nInfection with which of the following is acquired through\ningestion of\na.\nFasciola hepatica\nd.\na and b only\nb.\nFasciolopsis buski\ne.\nb and c only\nc.\nParagonimus westermani\n2.\nsinensis?\nWhich among the following is the second intermediate host\nof Clonorchis\na.\nFreshwater fish\nc.\nFreshwater snail\nb.\nCrab or crayfish\nd.\nAquatic vegetation\n3.\nWhich among the following schistosomes has predilection\nfor the liver?\na.\nSchistosoma japonicum\nc.\nSchistosoma mansoni\nb.\nSchistosoma haematobium\nd.\na and c only\n4.\nWhich among the following is not a characteristic\nof blood flukes?\na.\nTransmitted by skin penetration\nb.\nSecond intermediate host is a snail"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:35
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p27-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 27, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "d.\nPigs are the definitive hosts while\nhumans are the intermediate hosts.\n4.\nWhich of the following cestodes has two\nintermediate hosts?\na.\nTaenia solium\nc.\nTaenia saginata\nb.\nEchinococcus granulosus\nd.\nDiphyllobothrium latum\n5.\nPruritus ani may occur in patients\ninfected with which of the following?\na.\nHymenolepis nana\nc.\nBoth a and b are correct\nb.\nTaenia saginata\nd.\nNeither a nor b are correct\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\n6.\n6.\nTaenia solium?\nTaenia solium?\nWhich of the following is a feature associated with Taenia\nWhich of the following is a feature associated with Taenia\nsaginata, not\nsaginata, not\na.\nHooks are absent.\nb.\nGravid segment is somewhat square.\nc.\nRostellum is present.\nd.\nAll of the above"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:35
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p33-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 33, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "b.\nStreptococcus pyogenes\nd.\nPseudomonas aeruginosa\n5.\n5.\nreactivation of lesions?\nreactivation of lesions?\nWhich of the following is characterized by periods of\nWhich of the following is characterized by periods of\nlatency with\nlatency with\nCategory\nCategory\nAgents\nAgents\nCommon viruses that usually\ncause the common cold\nRhinovirus (most\ncommon)\nParainfluenza viruses\nRespiratory syncytial virus\nCoronavirus\nCommon infectious agents\nthat\noccasionally cause illness with\ncommon cold symptoms\nAdenoviruses\nEnteroviruses\nInfluenza viruses\nReoviruses\nMycoplasma pneumoniae\nCategory\nCategory\nAgents\nAgents\nIllnesses with initial symptoms\nCoccidioides immitis\nsuggestive of the common cold\nHistoplasma\ncapsulatum\nBordetella pertussis\nChlamydia psittaci\nCoxiella burnetti\nOrganism\nOrganism\nClinical Setting\nClinical Setting\nGram-Stained\nGram-Stained\nSmears of\nSmears of\nSputum\nSputum\nComplications\nComplications\nPreferred\nPreferred\nAntimicrobial\nAntimicrobial\nTherapy\nTherapy\nStreptococcus\npneumoniae"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:35
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p30-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 30, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Treatment\nParasite/\nParasite/\nDisease\nDisease\nSite of Infection\nSite of Infection\nMode of\nMode of\nTransmission\nTransmission\nDiagnosis\nDiagnosis\nTreatment\nTreatment\nTrichinella\nspiralis\n(Muscle\nworm)\nAdults in small intestines for 1\u20134 months; larvae encysted in\nmuscle tissue\nEating\nundercooked,\ninfected pork or\nother animal\nSerology and\nmuscle\nbiopsy\n(larvae)\nAlbendazole +\nsteroids (for severe\nsymptoms)\nWuchereria\nbancrofti,\nBrugia\nmalayi\n(Filarial\nworms)\nAdult worms in lymph nodes, lymphatic ducts\nBite of\nmosquitoes\ntransmit larvae\nBlood smear\nfor\nmicrofilariae\nDiethylcarbamazine\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer\non the space provided.\n1.\namong the following nematodes?\nLarval migration to the lungs or lung phase is seen in\nthe life cycle of which\na.\nAscaris lumbricoides\nd.\na and b only\nb.\nAncylostoma duodenale\ne.\na, b, and c\nc.\nStrongyloides stercoralis\n2.\nfood or water containing the infective ova?"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:35
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p32-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 32, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "d.\nGram-positive bacilli, anaerobic\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\n5.\n5.\nreactivation of lesions?\nreactivation of lesions?\nWhich of the following is characterized by periods of\nWhich of the following is characterized by periods of\nlatency with\nlatency with\na.\nHuman papillomavirus\nc.\nSporothrix schenckii\nb.\nMalassezia furfur\nd.\nHerpes simplex virus\n6.\nWhich of the following is a common cause of stitch\nabscesses?\na.\nStaphylococcus aureus\nc.\nPseudomonas aeruginosa\nb.\nStaphylococcus epidermidis\nd.\nStreptococcus pyogenes\n7.\ninvolving the heart and kidneys?\nWhich of the following is associated with non-suppurative\ncomplications\na.\nStaphylococcus aureus\nc.\nPseudomonas aeruginosa\nb.\nStaphylococcus epidermidis\nd.\nStreptococcus pyogenes\n8.\nWhich of the following is a dermatophyte infection\ninvolving the groin?\na.\nTinea corporis\nc.\nTinea cruris\nb.\nTinea barbae\nd.\nTinea unguium\n9.\nwith gas gangrene?\nWhich of the following is a feature of the organism\ncommonly associated\na.\nSpore forming\nd."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:35
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p35-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 35, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "5.\n5.\nthe lungs?\nthe lungs?\nPrimary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis involves\nPrimary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis involves\nwhich part of\nwhich part of\na.\nUpper lobe only\nc.\nMiddle and lower lobes\nb.\nUpper and middle lobes\nd.\nLower lobe only\n6.\nWhich of the following is not a clinical feature of\npertussis?\na.\nInspiratory whoop\nc.\nSeal bark cough\nb.\nParoxysmal cough\nd.\nRust-colored sputum\n7.\nWhich of the following is the most common cause of the\ncommon cold?\na.\nRhinovirus\nc.\nCoronavirus\nb.\nInfluenza virus\nd.\nAdenovirus\n8.\nWoolsorter's disease is caused by which of the following\norganisms?\na.\nBacillus anthracis\nc.\nHaemophilus influenzae\nb.\nStreptococcus pneumoniae\nd.\nPseudomonas aeruginosa\n9.\nthe other streptococci?\nWhich of the following tests will differentiate Streptococcus\npneumoniae from\na.\nGram stain\nc.\nOptochin test\nb.\nCulture\nd.\nCatalase test\n10.\nof infected patients?\nWhich of the following organisms is part of transient flora of\nthe"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:35
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p34-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 34, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Organism\nOrganism\nClinical Setting\nClinical Setting\nGram-Stained\nGram-Stained\nSmears of\nSmears of\nSputum\nSputum\nComplications\nComplications\nPreferred\nPreferred\nAntimicrobial\nAntimicrobial\nTherapy\nTherapy\nLegionella sp.\nExposure to\ncontaminated\nconstruction site,\nwater source,\nair conditioner;\ncommunity\nacquired or\nnosocomial\nFew PMNs;\nno\nbacteria\nEmpyema,\ncavitation,\nendocarditis,\npericarditis\nAzithromycin or\nclarithromycin\nwith or without\nrifampin;\nfluoroquinolones\nPneumocystis\njirovecii\nAIDS, immune\nsuppressive\ntherapy\nNot helpful in\ndiagnosis\nPneumothorax,\nrespiratory failure,\nacute respiratory\ndistress\nsyndrome, death\nTrimethoprim\nsulfamethoxazole,\npentamidine\nisethionate\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nquestions. Write the letter of the correct answer on\nthe space provided.\nCASE ANALYSIS. Read and analyze the case study, then\nanswer the following\nsevere difficulty of breathing. RT-PCR was\nrequested.\nCase: A 65-year-old diabetic male was brought to the ER due"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:35
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p36-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 36, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Other\ndisease\nassociations\nNone\nPrimary\nhepato-cellular\ncarcinoma,\ncirrhosis\nPrimary\nhepato-cellular\ncarcinoma,\ncirrhosis\nCirrhosis,\nfulminant\nhepatitis\nNone\nLaboratory\ndiagnosis\nSymptoms\nand\nanti-HAV IgM\nSymptoms and\nserum levels of\nHBsAg, HBeAg,\nand anti-HBc\nIgM\nSymptoms and\nanti-HCV ELISA\nAnti-HDV\nELISA\n\u2014\nFeature\nFeature\nHepatitis A\nHepatitis A\nHepatitis B\nHepatitis B\nHepatitis C\nHepatitis C\nHepatitis D\nHepatitis D\nHepatitis E\nHepatitis E\nNon-invasive\nNon-invasive\nDiarrhea\nDiarrhea\nInvasive Diarrhea\nInvasive Diarrhea\nCharacteristic of\nstool\nProfuse, secretory\n(severe, watery)\nDysenteric (blood, mucus, white\nblood cells)\nFever\nNo\nYes\nSystemic toxicity\nNo\nYes\nAbdominal pain\nMild\nSevere (cramping; tenesmus)\nSite of infection\nSmall intestine\nColon (large intestine)\nVirus\nVirus\nHost Age\nHost Age\nMode of Transmission\nMode of Transmission\nEpidemiology\nEpidemiology\nRotaviruses\nGroup A\n6\u201324 months\nPerson-to-person; water\nSingle most important\ncause\nof endemic severe diarrheal"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:35
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p31-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 31, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Ancylostoma duodenale\nd.\nAscaris lumbricoides\n8.\nL\u00f6ffler syndrome is associated with which of the\nfollowing parasites?\na.\nStrongyloides stercoralis\nc.\nTrichinella spiralis\nb.\nAncylostoma duodenale\nd.\nAscaris lumbricoides\n9.\nparasites?\nThe cellophane test is used to diagnose presence of which of\nthe following\na.\nAscaris lumbricoides\nc.\nNecator americanus\nb.\nEnterobius vermicularis\nd.\nWuchereria bancrofti\n10.\nleading to edema of the extremities?\nWhich of the following parasites can cause obstruction of\nlymphatic vessels\na.\nTrichinella spiralis\nc.\nWuchereria bancrofti\nb.\nStrongyloides stercoralis\nd.\nCapillaria philippinensis\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nquestions. Write the letter of the correct answer on\nthe space provided.\nCASE ANALYSIS. Read and analyze the case study, then\nanswer the following\nCase: A 7-year-old boy was brought by his mother to the OPD\nbecause of lesions on the\nskin described as scaly, ring-shaped, expanding lesions with\ncentral clearing scattered"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:35
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p33-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 33, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Clinical Setting\nGram-Stained\nGram-Stained\nSmears of\nSmears of\nSputum\nSputum\nComplications\nComplications\nPreferred\nPreferred\nAntimicrobial\nAntimicrobial\nTherapy\nTherapy\nStreptococcus\npneumoniae\nChronic cardio\npulmonary disease;\nfollows URT\ninfections\nGram-positive\ndiplococci\nBacteremia,\nmeningitis,\nendocarditis,\nempyema,\npericarditis\nPenicillin G\n(or V, oral);\nfluoroquinolones\nor vancomycin for\nhighly penicillin\nresistant\nHaemophilus\ninfluenzae\nChronic cardio\npulmonary disease;\nfollows URT\ninfections\nSmall gram\nnegative\ncoccobacilli\nEmpyema,\nendocarditis\nAmpicillin\nor amoxicillin;\nCefotaxime\nor ceftriaxone\nStaphylococcus\naureus\nInfluenza\nepidemics;\nnosocomial\nGram-positive\ncocci in clusters\nEmpyema,\ncavitation\nNafcillin\nKlebsiella\npneumoniae\nAlcohol abuse, DM;\nnosocomial\nGram-negative\nencapsulated rods\nEmpyema,\ncavitation\nThird or fourth\ngeneration\nCephalosporin\n+ gentamicin\nor tobramycin\nEscherichia\ncoli\nNosocomial; rarely\ncommunity\nacquired\nGram-negative\nrods\nEmpyema"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:35
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p29-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 29, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "b.\nIt occurs within hours of exposure to the schistosomes.\nc.\nThe most common cause of death is bleeding from ruptured varices.\nd.\nPortal hypertension does not develop.\n9.\nthe following organs?\nClonorchis sinensis is associated with development with cancer in\nwhich of\na.\nBile ducts\nc.\nLiver\nb.\nColon\nd.\nUrinary bladder\n10.\nliver?\nWhich of the following can be transmitted through ingestion of raw\nsheep\na.\nFasciolopsis buski\nc.\nSchistosoma japonicum\nb.\nClonorchis sinensis\nd.\nFasciola hepatica\nParasite/\nParasite/\nDisease\nDisease\nSite of Infection\nSite of Infection\nMode of\nMode of\nTransmission\nTransmission\nDiagnosis\nDiagnosis\nTreatment\nTreatment\nEnterobius\nvermicularis\n(Pinworm)\nLumen of cecum,\ncolon\nIngestion of eggs;\nself-contamination\nor autoinfection\nScotch Tape\ntest; microscopy\nfor eggs\nPyrantel pamoate,\nmebendazole\nTrichuris\ntrichiura\n(Whipworm)\nCecum, colon\nIngestion of eggs\nfrom fecally-\ncontaminated soil\nor food\nStool exam for\neggs\nMebendazole,\nalbendazole,\npyrantel pamoate"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:36
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p30-c2-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 30, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "the life cycle of which\na.\nAscaris lumbricoides\nd.\na and b only\nb.\nAncylostoma duodenale\ne.\na, b, and c\nc.\nStrongyloides stercoralis\n2.\nfood or water containing the infective ova?\nInfection with which among the following is acquired\nthrough ingestion of\na.\nTrichuris, Strongyloides, Enterobius\nb.\nAncylostoma, Necator, Strongyloides\nc.\nAscaris, Trichinella, Capillaria\nd.\nEnterobius, Ascaris, Trichuris\n3.\nrather than Ancylostoma duodenale?\nWhich of the following is a feature more associated\nwith Necator americanus\na.\nBuccal capsule with a pair of cutting plates\nb.\nAcquired through skin penetration\nc.\nWith a lung phase in its life cycle\nd.\nPruritic vesicles at the site of skin penetration"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:36
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p34-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 34, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "CASE ANALYSIS. Read and analyze the case study, then\nanswer the following\nsevere difficulty of breathing. RT-PCR was\nrequested.\nCase: A 65-year-old diabetic male was brought to the ER due\nto severe shortness of\nbreath. Condition started 7 days after he was exposed to a\nrelative who had flu-like\nillness. His condition started as sore throat, fever, myalgia,\nand cough. After 2 days,\nhe complained of loss of taste and smell. Few hours prior to\nadmission, he developed\n1.\nWhich of the following will be your consideration?\na.\nBacterial pneumonia\nc.\nCOVID-19\nb.\nChronic bronchitis\nd.\nInfluenza\n2.\nlikely involved?\nIf RT-PCR is positive for an RNA virus, which of the following\nis most\na.\nInfluenza A virus\nc.\nRespiratory syncytial virus\nb.\nAdenovirus\nd.\nSARS-CoV-2\n3.\nWhich of the following statements is true regarding\ninfluenza virus?\na.\nN antigens.\nAntigenic shift results from genetic reassortment involving\nthe H and\nb.\nInfluenza C virus causes both epidemics and\npandemics.\nc."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:36
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p36-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 36, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Host Age\nHost Age\nMode of Transmission\nMode of Transmission\nEpidemiology\nEpidemiology\nRotaviruses\nGroup A\n6\u201324 months\nPerson-to-person; water\nSingle most important\ncause\nof endemic severe diarrheal\nillness in infants and young\nchildren\nGroup B\nAdults and\nchildren\nPerson-to-person; water\nOutbreaks of diarrhea in\nChina\nGroup C\nChildren\nPerson-to-person; water\nSporadic and occasional\noutbreaks\nEnteric\nadenoviruses\n(Group F or\nserotypes 40\nand\n41)\nChild < 2 years\nof age\nPerson-to-person\nSecond most important viral\nagent of endemic diarrhea\nin\ninfants and young children\nworldwide\nVirus\nVirus\nHost Age\nHost Age\nMode of Transmission\nMode of Transmission\nEpidemiology\nEpidemiology\nCaliciviruses\nNorovirus\nOlder children\nand\nadults\nPerson-to-person, water,\ncold foods, raw shellfish\nCauses outbreaks of\nvomiting\nand diarrhea in families,\ncommunities, and institutions\nSaporovirus\nInfants, young\nchildren, elderly\nSporadic and occasional\noutbreaks\nAstroviruses\nInfants, young\nchildren, elderly"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:36
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p33-c2-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 33, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "encapsulated rods\nEmpyema,\ncavitation\nThird or fourth\ngeneration\nCephalosporin\n+ gentamicin\nor tobramycin\nEscherichia\ncoli\nNosocomial; rarely\ncommunity\nacquired\nGram-negative\nrods\nEmpyema\nThird-generation\ncephalosporin\nPseudomonas\naeruginosa\nNosocomial; cystic\nfibrosis\nGram-negative\nrods\nCavitation\nAnti-pseudomonal\ncephalosporin or\ncarbapenem +\naminoglycoside\nMycoplasma\npneumoniae\nYoung adults\nPMNs and\nmonocytes;\nno bacterial\npathogens\nSkin rashes,\nhemolytic anemia\nErythromycin,\nazithromycin or\nclarithromycin;\ndoxycycline,\nfluoroquinolones"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:36
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p31-c2-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 31, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "answer the following\nCase: A 7-year-old boy was brought by his mother to the OPD\nbecause of lesions on the\nskin described as scaly, ring-shaped, expanding lesions with\ncentral clearing scattered\non his trunk. The lesions were described as very itchy. A\nfungal infection is considered.\n1.\nWhat is the probable diagnosis?\na.\nPityriasis versicolor\nc.\nTinea nigra\nb.\nTinea corporis\nd.\nSporotrichosis"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:36
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p37-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 37, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Clostridium botulinum\n12\u201317\nNeuromuscular\nparalysis\nCanned foods, smoked fish,\nunpasteurized honey\nStaphylococcus aureus\n2\u20134\nVomiting, diarrhea\nMeats, custard, salads\nVibrio parahaemolyticus\n10\u201324\nWatery diarrhea\nShellfish\nClostridium perfringens\n9\u201315\nWatery diarrhea\nMeat, poultry\nOrganism\nOrganism\nIncubation\nIncubation\nperiod (hours)\nperiod (hours)\nClinical\nClinical\npresentation\npresentation\nCharacteristic foods\nCharacteristic foods\nVibrio\nVibrio\ncholera\ncholera\nEscherichia\nEscherichia\ncoli\ncoli\nClostridium\nClostridium\nperfringens\nperfringens\nBacillus\nBacillus\ncereus\ncereus\nStaphylococcus\nStaphylococcus\naureus\naureus\nIncubation (hours)\n12\u201372\n24\u201372\n6\u201312\n3\u20138\n1\u20136\nAbdominal cramps\n\u2013\u2013\n+\n++++\n++\n++\nVomiting\n+\n+/\u2013\n+\n++\n++++\nShigella\nShigella\nspp.\nspp.\nEscherichia\nEscherichia\ncoli\ncoli\nSalmonella\nSalmonella\nspp.\nspp.\nYersinia\nYersinia\nenterocolitica\nenterocolitica\nIncubation (hours)\n24\u201372\n24\u201372\n8\u201348\n1\u20136\nAbdominal cramps\n++++\n++++\n+\n++\nVomiting\n++\n++\n++++\n++\nFever\n++\n++\n++++\n++\nOrganism"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:36
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p38-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 38, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Clostridium\nperfringens\nEnterotoxin, no invasion\nMeat, poultry, fish\nWatery diarrhea,\nfood sources\nMycobacterium\ntuberculosis\nInvasion, inflammation\nwith necrosis and\nscarring\nContaminated milk,\nswallowing of coughed-up\norganisms\nChronic abdominal\npain; complications\nof malabsorption,\nstricture, perforation,\nfistulae, hemorrhage\nOrganism\nOrganism\nPathogenic Mechanism\nPathogenic Mechanism\nSource\nSource\nClinical Features\nClinical Features\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nquestions. Write the letter of the correct answer\non the space provided.\nCASE ANALYSIS. Read and analyze the case study, then\nanswer the following\nand salad were\nserved.\nCase: A group of children were rushed to the emergency\ndepartment presenting with\nnausea and vomiting several hours after they attended a\nbirthday party where spaghetti\n1.\nWhich of the following would be the primary\nconsideration?\na.\nTyphoid fever\nb.\nStaphylococcal food poisoning\nc.\nShigellosis\nd.\nSalmonella enterocolitis\n2."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:36
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p34-c2-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 34, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "influenza virus?\na.\nN antigens.\nAntigenic shift results from genetic reassortment involving\nthe H and\nb.\nInfluenza C virus causes both epidemics and\npandemics.\nc.\nAntigenic drift is a major change involving the N antigen of\nthe virus.\nd.\nAll of the above\n4.\nit does not possess a cell wall?\nWhich of the following cannot be destroyed by cell wall\ninhibitors because\na.\nMycoplasma pneumoniae\nc.\nCorynebacterium diphtheriae\nb.\nHaemophilus influenzae\nd.\nMycobacterium tuberculosis"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:36
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p39-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 39, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Hepatitis C virus\n6.\nWhich\nof\nthe\nfollowing\ngastroenteritis in nursing homes?\nviruses\nis\nassociated\nwith\noutbreaks\nof\na.\nAdenovirus\nc.\nRotavirus\nb.\nNorwalk virus\nd.\nSaporovirus\n7.\nadministration of vaccine against hepatitis B\nvirus?\nInfection with which of the following hepatitis viruses can be prevented\nby\na.\nHepatitis A virus\nc.\nHepatitis D virus\nb.\nHepatitis C virus\nd.\nHepatitis E virus\n8.\nexcept:\nThe following are lactose-fermenting members of the\nEnterobacteriaceae,\na.\nEscherichia coli\nc.\nKlebsiella sp.\nb.\nEnterobacter sp.\nd.\nSalmonella sp.\n9.\nshortest incubation period?\nWhich of the following causes of invasive bacterial diarrhea has the\na.\nYersinia enterocolitica\nc.\nSalmonella typhi\nb.\nShigella dysenteriae\nd.\nEscherichia coli\n10.\nwith which of the following organisms?\nHemolytic uremic syndrome is a complication associated with infection\na.\nETEC, Shigella\nc.\nSTEC, Shigella\nb.\nEIEC, Salmonella\nd.\nSTEC, Salmonella\n5.\n5."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:36
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p36-c2-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 36, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "vomiting\nand diarrhea in families,\ncommunities, and institutions\nSaporovirus\nInfants, young\nchildren, elderly\nSporadic and occasional\noutbreaks\nAstroviruses\nInfants, young\nchildren, elderly\nPerson-to-person, water,\nraw shellfish\nSporadic and occasional\noutbreaks\nOrganism\nOrganism\nIncubation\nIncubation\nperiod (hours)\nperiod (hours)\nClinical\nClinical\npresentation\npresentation\nCharacteristic foods\nCharacteristic foods\nBacillus cereus\n1\u20136\nVomiting\nRe-warmed fried rice\n6\u201324\nWatery diarrhea\nMeat, poultry, vegetable"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:36
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p37-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 37, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Salmonella\nspp.\nspp.\nYersinia\nYersinia\nenterocolitica\nenterocolitica\nIncubation (hours)\n24\u201372\n24\u201372\n8\u201348\n1\u20136\nAbdominal cramps\n++++\n++++\n+\n++\nVomiting\n++\n++\n++++\n++\nFever\n++\n++\n++++\n++\nOrganism\nOrganism\nPathogenic Mechanism\nPathogenic Mechanism\nSource\nSource\nClinical Features\nClinical Features\nEscherichia\ncoli\nETEC+\nCholera-like toxin,\nno invasion\nFood, water\nTraveler's diarrhea\nWatery diarrhea\nSTEC+\nShiga-like toxin,\nno invasion\nUndercooked\nbeef products\nHemorrhagic colitis,\nHUS*\nEPEC+\nAttachment,\nenterocyte effacement\nWeaning foods, water\nWatery diarrhea\nEIEC+\nInvasion, local spread\nCheese, water,\nperson-to-person\nFever, pain,\ndiarrhea,\ndysentery\nOrganism\nOrganism\nPathogenic Mechanism\nPathogenic Mechanism\nSource\nSource\nClinical Features\nClinical Features\nSalmonella spp.\nInvasion, dissemination\nMilk, beef, eggs, poultry\nFever, pain, diarrhea\nor\ndysentery, bacteremia,\nextra-intestinal\ninfection\nShigella spp.\nInvasion, local spread\nPerson-to-person,\nlow inoculum\nFever, pain, diarrhea,"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:36
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p40-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 40, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Fungal\nCandida albicans\nVulvovaginal Candidiasis\nProtozoal\nTrichomonas vaginalis\nTrichomoniasis\nParasitic\nPhthirus pubis\nPediculosis pubis\nOrganism\nOrganism\nDisease\nDisease\nPrimary Syphilis\nPrimary Syphilis\nGenital Herpes\nGenital Herpes\nChancroid\nChancroid\nEtiologic agent\nTreponema pallidum\nHerpes Simplex Virus\nHaemophilus ducreyi\nIncubation period\n10\u201390 days\n2\u20137 days\n3\u20135 days\nUsual clinical\npresentation\nSlightly tender papule\nthat ulcerates over 1 to\nseveral weeks\nMarked pain in genital\narea; papules ulcerate\nin 3\u20136 days; fever,\nheadache, malaise\nand\ninguinal adenopathy\ncommon\nTender papule that\nulcerates\nDiagnostic tests\nDark-field exam of\nexudate from chancre;\nserologic tests\nVirus culture of\ncells and fluid from\nchancre; nucleic acid\namplification tests\nCulture in at least two\nkinds of enriched media\nwith vancomycin\nLong-term\nsequelae\nSecondary syphilis\nwith mucocutaneous\nlesions; tertiary syphilis\nRecurrent genital\nherpes\nInguinal bubo\nTreatment\nBenzathine penicillin G;"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:36
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p32-c2-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 32, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "a.\nTinea corporis\nc.\nTinea cruris\nb.\nTinea barbae\nd.\nTinea unguium\n9.\nwith gas gangrene?\nWhich of the following is a feature of the organism\ncommonly associated\na.\nSpore forming\nd.\na and b only\nb.\nGram-negative bacilli\ne.\na, b, and c\nc.\nAnaerobic\n10.\nWhich of the following is also known as the \"flesh-eating\"\nbacteria?\na.\nStaphylococcus aureus\nc.\nStaphylococcus epidermidis"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:36
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p35-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 35, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "pneumoniae from\na.\nGram stain\nc.\nOptochin test\nb.\nCulture\nd.\nCatalase test\n10.\nof infected patients?\nWhich of the following organisms is part of transient flora of\nthe\nnasopharynx and produces infection characterized by bull\nneck appearance\na.\nBordetella pertussis\nc.\nLegionella pneumophila\nb.\nCorynebacterium diphtheriae\nd.\nStreptococcus pneumoniae\nFeature\nFeature\nHepatitis A\nHepatitis A\nHepatitis B\nHepatitis B\nHepatitis C\nHepatitis C\nHepatitis D\nHepatitis D\nHepatitis E\nHepatitis E\nCommon\nname\n\"Infectious\"\n\"Serum\"\n\"Non-A,\nnon-B post\ntransfusion\"\n\"Delta agent\"\n\"Enteric\nnon-A,\nnon-B\"\nVirus\nstructure\nPicornavirus;\ncapsid RNA\nHepadnavirus;\nenvelope, DNA\nFlavivirus;\nenvelope, RNA\nViroid-like;\nenvelope,\ncircular RNA\nHepevirus;\nCalicivirus\nlike capsid\nTransmission\nFecal-oral\nParenteral,\nsexual,\ninsidious\nParenteral,\nsexual,\ninsidious\nParenteral,\nsexual\nFecal-oral\nIncubation\nperiod (days)\n15\u201350\n45\u2013160\n14\u2013180+\n15\u201364\n15\u201350\nSeverity\nMild\nOccasionally\nsevere\nUsually sub\nclinical; 70%\nchronicity"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:37
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p41-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 41, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "d.\nThe organism can be grown in selective media such as chocolate\nagar.\n3.\nWhich of the following is a clinical presentation associated with\ndisseminated infection with the causative agent involved in the\ncase?\na.\nPelvic inflammatory disease\nc.\nMigratory arthralgia\nb.\nOphthalmia neonatorum\nd.\nUrethritis\n4.\nwart-like lesions around the genitalia and perianal\nareas?\nInfection with which of the following is associated with development\nof\na.\nHaemophilus ducreyi\nc.\nHerpes simplex virus type 1\nb.\nHuman papillomavirus\nd.\nNeisseria gonorrhoeae\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\n5.\n5.\ninfection?\ninfection?\nWhich of the following organisms is associated with congenital or\nWhich of the following organisms is associated with congenital or\nneonatal\nneonatal\na.\nTreponema pallidum\nd.\na and b only\nb.\nHerpes simplex virus\ne.\na, b, and c\nc.\nNeisseria gonorrhoeae\n6.\ndevelopment of genital warts?\nWhich of the following HPV serotypes is most commonly\nassociated with\na.\nSerotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4\nc.\nSerotypes 6 and 11"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:37
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p38-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 38, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "birthday party where spaghetti\n1.\nWhich of the following would be the primary\nconsideration?\na.\nTyphoid fever\nb.\nStaphylococcal food poisoning\nc.\nShigellosis\nd.\nSalmonella enterocolitis\n2.\ndevelopment of the symptoms of the children?\nWhich of the following is the probable mechanism involved\nin the\na.\nInvasion and destruction of mucosal epithelial\ncells\nb.\nElaboration of a cytotoxin by the organism\nc.\nPresence of preformed toxin in the contaminated\nfood\nd.\nStimulation of excessive outpouring of fluid into the\nintestinal lumen\n3.\ncanned foods and ingestion of unpasteurized\nhoney?\nInfection by which of the following organisms is associated\nwith home\na.\nBacillus cereus\nc.\nStaphylococcus aureus\nb.\nClostridium botulinum\nd.\nClostridium perfringens\n4.\nwhich of the following?\nFood poisoning caused by Bacillus cereus is associated\nwith ingestion of\na.\nRewarmed fried rice\nc.\nSmoked fish\nb.\nShellfish\nd.\nMeat, custards, salads\n5.\n5."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:37
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p37-c2-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 37, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Milk, beef, eggs, poultry\nFever, pain, diarrhea\nor\ndysentery, bacteremia,\nextra-intestinal\ninfection\nShigella spp.\nInvasion, local spread\nPerson-to-person,\nlow inoculum\nFever, pain, diarrhea,\nHUS, dysentery,\nepidemic spread\nYersinia\nenterocolitica\nInvasion, dissemination\nMilk, pork\nFever, pain, diarrhea,\nextra-intestinal\ninfection\nVibrio cholerae\nEnterotoxin, no invasion\nWater, shellfish,\nperson-to-person\nWatery diarrhea,\npandemic spread\nClostridium\ndifficile\nCytotoxin, local invasion\nNosocomial spread\nFever, pain, bloody\ndiarrhea, following\nantibiotic use"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:37
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p39-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 39, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "10.\nwith which of the following organisms?\nHemolytic uremic syndrome is a complication associated with infection\na.\nETEC, Shigella\nc.\nSTEC, Shigella\nb.\nEIEC, Salmonella\nd.\nSTEC, Salmonella\n5.\n5.\nWhich of the following hepatitis viruses can cause chronic infection?\nWhich of the following hepatitis viruses can cause chronic infection?\nOrganism\nOrganism\nDisease\nDisease\nBacterial\nNeisseria gonorrhea\nGonorrhea\nHaemophilus ducreyi\nChancroid\nTreponema pallidum\nSyphilis\nChlamydia trachomatis\nLymphogranuloma\nvenereum\nViral\nHIV\nAIDS\nHerpes simplex virus\nGenital/Perianal herpes\nHuman papillomavirus\nCondylomata acuminata\nHepatitis viruses\nHepatitis\nZika virus\nZika fever"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:37
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p43-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 43, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "a.\nspecimen.\nb.\nThere is probable infection and there is need to repeat the procedure.\nc.\nThere is significant bacteriuria, and patient definitely has UTI.\nd.\nNone of the above\n5.\nWhich virus can cause UTI?\na.\nAdenovirus type 2\nc.\nHerpes simplex type\n2\nb.\nHuman papillomavirus\nd.\nNorwalk virus\n6.\nA patient presenting with fever and chills, flank pain with a (+) kidney\npunch should be worked up for the presence of which of the following\ninfections?\na.\nUrethritis\nc.\nUrethrocystitis\nb.\nCystitis\nd.\nPyelonephritis\n7.\nWhich type of Escherichia coli is most commonly associated with UTI?\na.\nETEC\nc.\nEAEC\nb.\nEIEC\nd.\nEPEC\n8.\nThe presence of which among the following in urine is highly suggestive\nof\nacute pyelonephritis?\na.\nNumerous WBC\nc.\nNumerous RBC\nb.\nWBC casts\nd.\nRBC cast\n9.\nCystitis is inflammation involving which of the following?\na.\nUrinary bladder\nc.\nUrethra\nb.\nRenal tubules\nd.\nRenal glomerulus\n10.\nWhich of the following organisms is the most common cause of UTI?\na.\nKlebsiella pneumoniae"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:37
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p35-c2-t
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 35, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "insidious\nParenteral,\nsexual,\ninsidious\nParenteral,\nsexual\nFecal-oral\nIncubation\nperiod (days)\n15\u201350\n45\u2013160\n14\u2013180+\n15\u201364\n15\u201350\nSeverity\nMild\nOccasionally\nsevere\nUsually sub\nclinical; 70%\nchronicity\nCo-infection\nor super\ninfection\nwith\nHBV\nNormal\npatients,\nmild;\npregnant\nwomen,\nsevere\nChronicity/\nCarrier state\nNo\nYes\nYes\nYes\nNo"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:37
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p41-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 41, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "e.\na, b, and c\nc.\nNeisseria gonorrhoeae\n6.\ndevelopment of genital warts?\nWhich of the following HPV serotypes is most commonly\nassociated with\na.\nSerotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4\nc.\nSerotypes 6 and 11\nb.\nSerotypes 16 and 18\nd.\nb and c only\n7.\nvirus?\nWhich of the following is correct regarding the human\nimmunodeficiency\na.\nIt is a DNA virus that has tropism for CD8+\nT cells.\nb.\nIt belongs to the family Retroviridae.\nc.\ninfected cells.\nIt has the enzyme reverse transcriptase responsible for destroying\nd.\nOpportunistic infections are seen during the early stages of the\ndisease.\n8.\nrecurrences of manifestations?\nInfection with which of the following is characterized by latency\nand\na.\nHerpes simplex virus\nc.\nNeisseria gonorrhoeae\nb.\nHuman papillomavirus\nd.\nHaemophilus ducreyi\n9.\nfollowing?\nDevelopment of inguinal buboes is seen in infection with which of\nthe\na.\nTreponema pallidum\nc.\nHaemophilus ducreyi\nb.\nHerpes simplex virus\nd.\nNeisseria gonorrhoeae\n10.\nof the following?"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:37
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p38-c2-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 38, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "4.\nwhich of the following?\nFood poisoning caused by Bacillus cereus is associated\nwith ingestion of\na.\nRewarmed fried rice\nc.\nSmoked fish\nb.\nShellfish\nd.\nMeat, custards, salads\n5.\n5.\nWhich of the following hepatitis viruses can cause chronic infection?\nWhich of the following hepatitis viruses can cause chronic infection?\na.\nHepatitis A virus\nd.\nb and c only\nb.\nHepatitis B virus\ne.\na, b, and c\nc."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:37
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p44-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 44, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "b.\nIt possesses fibers that function for attachment.\nc.\nAdenoviruses are susceptible to mild\nchlorination.\nd.\nkeratoconjunctivitis.\nSerotypes 3 and 7 are the most common causes of epidemic\n3.\ndue to adenovirus?\nWhich of the following is correct regarding epidemic keratoconjunctivitis\na.\nThe most common causes are serotypes 8, 19,\nand 23.\nb.\npools.\nThe most common source of infection is unchlorinated swimming\nc.\nCorneal ulcerations are commonly seen.\nd.\nIt is the most common cause of blindness.\n4.\ntrachomatis?\nInclusion conjunctivitis is associated with which serotypes of Chlamydia\na.\nL1, L2, and L3\nc.\nD \u2013 K\nb.\nA, B, Ba, and C\nd.\nNone of these\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\n5.\n5.\ntransmitted by gnats?\ntransmitted by gnats?\nWhich of the following produces a purulent conjunctivitis\nWhich of the following produces a purulent conjunctivitis\nthat may be\nthat may be\na.\nChlamydia trachomatis\nc.\nStaphylococcus aureus\nb.\nHaemophilus aegypticus\nd.\nNeisseria gonorrhoeae\n6.\nbirth canal?"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:37
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p45-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 45, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "a.\nMeasles virus\nc.\nAdenovirus\nb.\nHerpes simplex virus\nd.\nEnterovirus 70\n5.\n5.\ntransmitted by gnats?\ntransmitted by gnats?\nWhich of the following produces a purulent conjunctivitis\nWhich of the following produces a purulent conjunctivitis\nthat may be\nthat may be\nNormal\nNormal\nBacterial\nBacterial\nViral\nViral\nFungal\nFungal\nAppearance\nWatery and\nclear\nTurbid\nClear\nSlightly turbid\nPredominant\ncell types\nAll lymphocytes\nUsually PMNs\nLymphocytes;\nmay be mixed\nwith PMNs\nduring\nfirst 24-48 hours\nUsually\nlymphocytes\nGlucose\n2.5\u20133.5 mmol/L\n(50% of blood\nglucose)\n< 50% of blood\nglucose; may be\nmarkedly low\nUsually normal\n< 50% of blood\nglucose; may\nbe\nmarkedly low\nProtein (g/L)\n< 40 mg/dL\nElevated\nElevated\nElevated\nWBC\n0\u20135 (all\nmononuclear)\nMarkedly increased\nNormal to\nslightly\nincreased\nElevated\nEnteroviruses\nEnteroviruses\nTick-borne virus\nTick-borne virus\nPoliovirus\nPowassan virus\nCoxsackievirus\nOthers\nHerpesviruses\nMeasles virus\nHSV type 1 and type 2\nRubella virus\nEpstein-Barr Virus"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:37
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p42-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 42, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "b.\nHuman immunodeficiency virus\nc.\nHaemophilus ducreyi\nd.\nHuman papillomavirus\n5.\n5.\ninfection?\ninfection?\nWhich of the following organisms is associated with congenital or\nWhich of the following organisms is associated with congenital or\nneonatal\nneonatal\nClinical Condition\nClinical Condition\nCharacteristic Symptoms\nCharacteristic Symptoms\nLower Urinary Tract Infection\nUrethritis\nDysuria, frequency, urgency\nCystitis\nSuprapubic pain and tenderness, frequency, occasional\nhematuria\nUrethrocystitis\nMay be asymptomatic; usually malodorous urine, especially\nin\nwomen; incontinence\nUpper Urinary Tract Infection\nAcute Pyelonephritis\nFlank pain, fever, and chills; hematuria; (+) kidney punch\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nquestions. Write the letter of the correct answer\non the space provided.\nCASE ANALYSIS. Read and analyze the case study, then\nanswer the following\nnor flank\npain.\nCase: A 26-year-old sexually active female consulted a\nphysician because of increased"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:37
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p43-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 43, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "a.\nUrinary bladder\nc.\nUrethra\nb.\nRenal tubules\nd.\nRenal glomerulus\n10.\nWhich of the following organisms is the most common cause of UTI?\na.\nKlebsiella pneumoniae\nc.\nEscherichia coli\nb.\nStaphylococcus saprophyticus\nd.\nProteus mirabilis\n4.\n4.\nIf urine culture was done for the above given case and the colony count is\nIf urine culture was done for the above given case and the colony count is\n97,000 cfu/hpf, what will be your interpretation?\n97,000 cfu/hpf, what will be your interpretation?\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided.\n1.\nAcute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is caused by which of the following?\na.\nHerpes simplex virus\nc.\nCoxsackie A24\nb.\nEnterovirus 71\nd.\nAdenovirus\n2.\nWhich of the following is a feature of adenovirus?\na.\nIt has a double-stranded RNA genome."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:37
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p41-c2-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 41, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "9.\nfollowing?\nDevelopment of inguinal buboes is seen in infection with which of\nthe\na.\nTreponema pallidum\nc.\nHaemophilus ducreyi\nb.\nHerpes simplex virus\nd.\nNeisseria gonorrhoeae\n10.\nof the following?\nMalignant transformation of infected cells can occur in infection\nwith which\na.\nHerpes simplex virus"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:37
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p47-c0-t
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 47, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "St. Louis encephalitis\nFlavivirus\nCulex mosquito\nCalifornia encephalitis\nBunyavirus\nCulex mosquito\nDisease\nDisease\nEtiology\nEtiology\nVector\nVector\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nquestions. Write the letter of the correct answer\non the space provided.\nneck rigidity. There is no history of immunization.\nCASE ANALYSIS. Read and analyze the case study, then\nanswer the following\nCase: A 10-year-old child was rushed to the ER because of\ndrowsiness and confusion.\nThe condition started as high-grade fever, severe headache,\nnausea, and vomiting. Later,\nthe child was noted to be drowsy and confused. Physical\nexamination was significant for\n1.\nWhich of the following tests will you recommend?\na.\nGram stain of respiratory secretions\nb.\nMRI of the brain\nc.\nCSF analysis\nd.\nAll of the above\n2.\nwhat would you entertain?\nIf examination of the patient's cerebrospinal fluid showed\nelevated white\nblood cells, markedly decreased glucose and markedly\nelevated protein,\na.\nBacterial meningitis\nc."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:37
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p44-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 44, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Which of the following produces a purulent conjunctivitis\nthat may be\nthat may be\na.\nChlamydia trachomatis\nc.\nStaphylococcus aureus\nb.\nHaemophilus aegypticus\nd.\nNeisseria gonorrhoeae\n6.\nbirth canal?\nWhich of the following can be transmitted by passage\nthrough an infected\na.\nChlamydia trachomatis\nc.\nStaphylococcus aureus\nb.\nHaemophilus aegypticus\nd.\nNeisseria gonorrhoeae\n7.\npigment and a characteristic fruity or grape-like\nodor in culture?\nWhich of the following is an opportunistic pathogen that\nproduces a bluish\na.\nStaphylococcus aureus\nc.\nChlamydia trachomatis\nb.\nPseudomonas aeruginosa\nd.\nStreptococcus pneumoniae\n8.\nfollowing?\nTrachoma is a chronic eye infection that presents with\nwhich of the\na.\nFollicular conjunctivitis\nc.\nPurulent conjunctivitis\nb.\nMucopurulent eye discharge\nd.\nSub-epithelial corneal opacities\n9.\nWhich of the following is a feature of viral\nconjunctivitis?\na.\nHighly contagious\nc.\nProminent photophobia\nb.\nPurulent eye discharge\nd.\na, b, and c\n10.\nulcers?"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:38
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p45-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 45, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Enteroviruses\nEnteroviruses\nTick-borne virus\nTick-borne virus\nPoliovirus\nPowassan virus\nCoxsackievirus\nOthers\nHerpesviruses\nMeasles virus\nHSV type 1 and type 2\nRubella virus\nEpstein-Barr Virus\nMumps virus\nVaricella Zoster Virus\nRabies virus\nMosquito-borne\nviruses\nTogaviruses\nFlaviviruses\nTuberculoid Form (neural\nTuberculoid Form (neural\nform)\nform)\nLepromatous Form (cutaneous form)\nLepromatous Form (cutaneous form)\nSkin Lesions\nHypopigmented lesions\nNodular lesions (diffuse)\nAmount of bacilli\nin\nlesions\nPaucibacillary (very few)\nMultibacillary (abundant)\nImmune response\nStrong CMI reaction\nStrong antibody response; defective CMI\nSensory loss\nComplete\nPatchy\nDisfigurement\nNone\nLeonine facies, clawed hands, saddle\nnose\ndeformity\nTuberculoid Form (neural\nTuberculoid Form (neural\nform)\nform)\nLepromatous Form (cutaneous form)\nLepromatous Form (cutaneous form)\nLepromin test\nPositive\nNegative\nInfectivity\nLow\nHigh"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:38
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p42-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 42, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "on the space provided.\nCASE ANALYSIS. Read and analyze the case study, then\nanswer the following\nnor flank\npain.\nCase: A 26-year-old sexually active female consulted a\nphysician because of increased\nfrequency of urination and burning sensation at the end of\nurination. There is no fever\n1.\npredispose to development of UTI?\nWhich of the following predisposing factors present in the\npatient can\na.\nFemale gender\nd.\na and c only\nb.\nAge of patient\ne.\na, b, and c\nc.\nSexual activity\n2.\nreasons?\nUTI is more common among females because of which of\nthe following\na.\nWomen have longer urethra than males.\nb.\nAnatomic variations are more commonly\nencountered in females.\nc.\nopening than in males.\nThe urethral orifice in women is closer in proximity to the\nanal\nd.\nAll of the above\n3.\nwith nosocomial infections that produces a\ndistinctive red pigment?\nWhich of the following is a gram-negative bacillus commonly\nassociated\na.\nEnterococcus faecalis\nc.\nStaphylococcus saprophyticus\nb.\nSerratia marcescens"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:38
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p48-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 48, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Cold-loving\nc.\nInfects immunocompetent individuals\nd.\nGrowth in increased CO2\nconcentration\n6.\nlepromatous leprosy?\nWhich of the following is more a feature of tuberculoid leprosy than\na.\nIntact cell-mediated immunity\nb.\nSaddle nose deformity\nc.\nNumerous bacilli in lesions\nd.\nNegative lepromin skin test\n7.\nFlaccid paralysis is a feature of infection caused by which of the\nfollowing?\na.\nClostridium botulinum\nc.\nMycobacterium leprae\nb.\nPoliovirus\nd.\na and b only\n8.\nWhich form of poliomyelitis involves the respiratory center in the\nmedulla?\na.\nAsymptomatic infection\nc.\nNon-paralytic poliomyelitis\nb.\nBulbar poliomyelitis\nd.\nPost-poliomyelitis syndrome\n9.\ncategory of rabies exposure?\nAdministration of rabies vaccine and RIG is recommended for which\na.\nCategory I\nc.\nCategory III\nb.\nCategory II\nd.\nCategories II and III\n10.\nencephalitis?\nInfection with which of the following viral causes does not cause\na.\nJapanese B encephalitis\nc.\nEastern equine encephalitis\nb.\nYellow fever\nd."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:38
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p49-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 49, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Exanthem\nMaculopapular\nMaculopapular\nBranny desquamation\nYes\nNo\nLymphadenopathy\nNone\nPresent\nArthralgia\nNone\nPresent\nCongenital infection\nNo\nYes\nVaccine\nYes\nYes\nFeatures\nFeatures\nRubeola\nRubeola\nRubella\nRubella\nFeatures\nFeatures\nVaricella\nVaricella\nVariola\nVariola\nCommon name\nChickenpox\nSmallpox\nMode of transmission\nInhalation, direct contact\nInhalation, direct contact\nExanthem\nVesicular\nVesicular\nEruption of lesions\nCrops of different stages\nLesions appear one stage at a\ntime\nScar formation\nRare\nCommon\nLatency\nYes\nNo\nSeverity\nChildren: mild, self-limited\nGenerally severe and fatal\nAdults: severe\nVaccine\nYes\nYes\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nquestions. Write the letter of the correct\nanswer on the space provided.\nCASE ANALYSIS. Read and analyze the case\nstudy, then answer the following\nonly on one side of her trunk, which were\nvery painful, hence the consult.\nCase: A 53-year-old female sought consult with her\nprimary care physician due to"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:38
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p50-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 50, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "2.\npatient's infection?\nWhich of the following is not a feature of the\ncausative agent of the\na.\nEnveloped DNA virus\nb.\nInfects mucoepithelial cells\nc.\nEstablish latency in nerve ganglia\nd.\nNo vaccine available against the virus\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\n3.\n3.\nWhich of the following is a feature that\nWhich of the following is a feature that\nwill differentiate the patient's\nwill differentiate the patient's\ncondition from the primary infection\ncondition from the primary infection\n(chickenpox)?\n(chickenpox)?\nRashes are\ngeneralized.\na.\nb.\nPain is a prominent feature.\nc.\nRashes appear one stage at a time.\nd.\nIt is caused by a double-stranded RNA\nvirus.\n4.\nWhich of the following is also known as\n\"sixth disease\"?\na.\nRubeola\nc.\nRoseola infantum\nb.\nRubella\nd.\nErythema infectiosum\n5.\nassociated with development of\ncongenital infection in the baby?\nInfection with which of the following\nviruses during pregnancy is\na.\nRubella\nc.\nRoseola infantum\nb.\nRubeola\nd.\nErythema infectiosum\n6."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:38
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p47-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 47, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "what would you entertain?\nIf examination of the patient's cerebrospinal fluid showed\nelevated white\nblood cells, markedly decreased glucose and markedly\nelevated protein,\na.\nBacterial meningitis\nc.\nFungal meningitis\nb.\nViral meningitis\nd.\nTuberculous meningitis\n3.\nbased on the child's age?\nWhich of the following is the most likely cause of the patient's\ncondition\na.\nEscherichia coli\nb.\nHaemophilus influenzae type b\nc.\nNeisseria meningitidis\nd.\nListeria monocytogenes\n4.\n4.\nwhich of the following organisms causing bacterial\nwhich of the following organisms causing bacterial\nmeningitis?\nmeningitis?\nWaterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is a consequence of\nWaterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is a consequence of\ndissemination of\ndissemination of\na.\nEscherichia coli\nb.\nHaemophilus influenzae type b\nc.\nNeisseria meningitidis\nd.\nStreptococcus agalactiae\n5.\nWhich of the following is a feature of Listeria\nmonocytogenes?\na.\nGram-positive cocci\nb."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:38
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p44-c2-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 44, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "d.\nSub-epithelial corneal opacities\n9.\nWhich of the following is a feature of viral\nconjunctivitis?\na.\nHighly contagious\nc.\nProminent photophobia\nb.\nPurulent eye discharge\nd.\na, b, and c\n10.\nulcers?\nWhich of the following may present with dendritic keratitis\nand corneal"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:38
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p42-c2-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 42, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "distinctive red pigment?\nWhich of the following is a gram-negative bacillus commonly\nassociated\na.\nEnterococcus faecalis\nc.\nStaphylococcus saprophyticus\nb.\nSerratia marcescens\nd.\nProteus mirabilis\n4.\n4.\nIf urine culture was done for the above given case and the colony count is\nIf urine culture was done for the above given case and the colony count is\n97,000 cfu/hpf, what will be your interpretation?\n97,000 cfu/hpf, what will be your interpretation?\nThe result is insignificant and just shows contamination of the"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:38
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p48-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 48, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Category II\nd.\nCategories II and III\n10.\nencephalitis?\nInfection with which of the following viral causes does not cause\na.\nJapanese B encephalitis\nc.\nEastern equine encephalitis\nb.\nYellow fever\nd.\nSt. Louis encephalitis\n4.\n4.\nwhich of the following organisms causing bacterial\nwhich of the following organisms causing bacterial\nmeningitis?\nmeningitis?\nWaterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is a consequence of\nWaterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is a consequence of\ndissemination of\ndissemination of\nFeatures\nFeatures\nRubeola\nRubeola\nRubella\nRubella\nCommon name\nMeasles\nGerman measles\nEtiology\nParamyxovirus\nTogavirus\nMode/s of transmission\nInhalation of droplets\nInhalation, transplacental\nFever\nPresent\nPresent\n3 Cs (coryza, cough,\nconjunctivitis)\nPresent; conjunctivitis\nwith\nphotophobia\nCough and coryza absent;\nconjunctivitis without\nphotophobia"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:38
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p49-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 49, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "study, then answer the following\nonly on one side of her trunk, which were\nvery painful, hence the consult.\nCase: A 53-year-old female sought consult with her\nprimary care physician due to\nappearance of painful, vesicular rashes on her\ntrunk. The condition started 3 days prior\nto consult as low-grade fever and headache. Later,\nshe noted tingling sensation on one\narea of her trunk. One day prior to consultation,\nfluid-filled rashes appeared limited\nPhysical examination: Temp: 38 \u00b0C\nRR:\n18/minute\nPR: 90 beats/minute\nSkin:\ndistribution\n(+) vesicular rashes on right side of trunk following\na single dermatomal\nChest and Lungs:\nwheezes.\nNo intercostal or subcostal retractions on\ninspection. On\nauscultation, there are no rales heard on both lung\nfields. No\nThe rest of the physical examination findings\nwere unremarkable.\n1.\nWhich of the following will be your primary\nconsideration?\na.\nChickenpox\nc.\nGerman\nmeasles\nb.\nShingles\nd.\nHerpes simplex infection"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:38
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p51-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 51, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "9.\nFifth disease is caused by which of the\nfollowing viruses?\na.\nRubeola virus\nc.\nParvovirus B19\nb.\nRubella virus\nd.\nVaricella-zoster virus\n10.\nWhich of the following has been eradicated\ndue to success of the vaccine?\na.\nChickenpox\nc.\nRubella\nb.\nParvovirus B19\nd.\nSmallpox\n3.\n3.\nWhich of the following is a feature that\nWhich of the following is a feature that\nwill differentiate the patient's\nwill differentiate the patient's\ncondition from the primary infection\ncondition from the primary infection\n(chickenpox)?\n(chickenpox)?\nFeatures\nFeatures\nDengue Fever\nDengue Fever\nChikungunya\nChikungunya\nEtiology\nDengue Virus - Flavivirus\nAlphavirus - Flavivirus\nVector\nAedes aegypti (rural)\nAedes aegypti (rural)\nAedes albopictus\n(urban)\nAedes albopictus\n(urban)\nIncubation Period\n2\u20137 days\n2\u20134 days\nAge Group\nAll ages\nAll ages\n% Symptomatic\n20\u201360%\n70%\nSymptoms\nFever\nPresent\nPresent\nHeadache\nSevere\nMild\nRash\nPresent\nPresent\nRetroorbital pain\nPresent\nAbsent\nJoint pain\nPresent\nMore severe\nSequelae"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p46-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 46, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Erythema nodosum\nleprosum\nAbsent\nUsually present\nTuberculoid Form (neural\nTuberculoid Form (neural\nform)\nform)\nLepromatous Form (cutaneous form)\nLepromatous Form (cutaneous form)\nCategory of Exposure\nCategory of Exposure\nManagement\nManagement\nCategory I\n1.\nWash exposed skin immediately with soap\nand water.\n1.\n2.\nFeeding/touching the animal\nLicking of intact skin (with reliable history\nand\nthorough physical examination)\n2.\nNo vaccine or RIG needed\n3.\nPre-exposure prophylaxis may be\nconsidered\n3.\nExposure to patient with signs and\nsymptoms\nof rabies by sharing or eating and drinking\nutensils\nfor high-risk persons.\n4.\nCasual contact (talking to, visiting, and\nfeeding suspected rabies cases) and routine\ndelivery of health care to patient with signs\nand symptoms of rabies\nCategory of Exposure\nCategory of Exposure\nManagement\nManagement\nCategory II\n1.\nWash wound with soap and water.\n1.\nNibbling of uncovered skin with or without\n2.\nStart vaccine immediately.\n2.\nbruising/hematoma"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p53-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 53, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "b.\nCulex sp.\nd.\nMansonia sp.\n3.\nit would be categorized as which of the following?\nBased on the clinical presentation, if the patient has\ndengue virus infection,\na.\nClassic Dengue Fever\nc.\nDengue Shock Syndrome\nb.\nDengue Hemorrhagic Fever\nd.\nNone of them\n4.\ninfection and not in chikungunya?\nWhich of the following clinical manifestations is seen in\ndengue virus\na.\nFever\nc.\nJoint pain\nb.\nRash\nd.\nRetroorbital pain\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\n5.\n5.\nWhich of the following is not true of\nWhich of the following is not true of\ncytomegalovirus?\ncytomegalovirus?\na.\nMost common viral cause of\ncongenital infections\nb.\nCan be transmitted through tissue\ntransplantation\nc.\nCauses latent infection in B cells\nd.\nCauses enlargement of infected\ncells\n6.\ninfected patients is suggestive of\ninfection with which of the\nfollowing?\nDemonstration of atypical T\nlymphocytes in hematologic\nexamination of\na.\nEpstein-Barr virus\nc.\nCytomegalovirus\nb.\nZika virus\nd.\nChikungunya virus\n7.\nWhich of the following is"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p52-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 52, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever\nRickettsia rickettsii\nTick\nRickettsialpox\nRickettsia akari\nMite\nEpidemic typhus\nRickettsia prowazekii\nLouse\nMurine typhus\nRickettsia typhi\nFlea\nScrub typhus\nOrientia tsutsugamushi\nMite\nEhrlichiosis\nHuman monocyte ehrlichiosis\nHuman granulocyte ehrlichiosis\nEwingii ehrlichiosis\nEhrlichia chaffeensis\nAnaplasma phagocytophilum\nEhrlichia ewingii\nTick\nTick\nTick\nQ fever\nCoxiella burnetii\nNone\nDisease\nDisease\nEtiology\nEtiology\nVector\nVector\nDisease\nDisease\nOrganism\nOrganism\nVector\nVector\nReservoir\nReservoir\nRocky Mountain\nspotted fever\nR. rickettsii\nTick-borne\nTicks, wild rodents\nEhrlichiosis\nE. chaffeensis\nTicks\nRickettsialpox\nR. akari\nMite-borne\nMites, wild rodents\nScrub typhus\nR. tsutsugamushi\nMites (chiggers), wild\nrodents\nEpidemic typhus\nR. prowazekii\nLouse-borne\nHumans, squirrel fleas, flying\nsquirrels\nTrench fever\nR. quintana\nHumans\nMurine typhus\nR. typhi\nFlea-borne\nWild rodents\nQ fever\nC. burnetii\nNone*\nCattle, sheep, goats, cats\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p50-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 50, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "associated with development of\ncongenital infection in the baby?\nInfection with which of the following\nviruses during pregnancy is\na.\nRubella\nc.\nRoseola infantum\nb.\nRubeola\nd.\nErythema infectiosum\n6.\nWhich of the following clinical features is\nseen in rubella but not in\nrubeola?\na.\nPost-auricular lymphadenopathy\nb.\nCough and coryza\nc.\nKoplik's spots\nd.\nBranny desquamation of rashes\n7.\nThe following present with\nmaculopapular rashes, except:\na.\nRubeola\nc.\nRubella\nb.\nSmallpox\nd.\nRoseola infantum\n8.\n\"Slapped cheek\" appearance is\nassociated with which of the following?\na.\nErythema infectiosum\nc.\nRoseola infantum\nb.\nVaricella\nd.\nRubeola"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p51-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 51, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Age Group\nAll ages\nAll ages\n% Symptomatic\n20\u201360%\n70%\nSymptoms\nFever\nPresent\nPresent\nHeadache\nSevere\nMild\nRash\nPresent\nPresent\nRetroorbital pain\nPresent\nAbsent\nJoint pain\nPresent\nMore severe\nSequelae\nDHF or DSS\nCrippling arthritis\nVaccine\nYes\nNone\nFeatures\nFeatures\nMononucleosis-like\nMononucleosis-like\nSyndrome (CMV)\nSyndrome (CMV)\nInfectious\nInfectious\nMononucleosis\nMononucleosis\n(EBV)\n(EBV)\nEtiology\nCytomegalovirus\nEpstein-Barr Virus\nMode of transmission\nOral secretions\nOral secretions\nFever + lymphadenopathy\nPresent but milder\nPresent\nSore throat\nPresent but milder\nPresent\nHepatosplenomegaly\nPresent\nPresent\nLymphocytosis\nPresent\nPresent\nAtypical lymphocytes\nPresent\nPresent\nHeterophil antibody test\nNegative\nPositive\nDisease\nDisease\nEtiology\nEtiology\nVector\nVector"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p54-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 54, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "b.\nincubation period (1-5 days).\nc.\nIts natural reservoir is the fruit bat.\nd.\nInfection produced is mild and self-\nlimiting.\n5.\n5.\nWhich of the following is not true of\nWhich of the following is not true of\ncytomegalovirus?\ncytomegalovirus?\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nColumn A\nColumn A\n1.\nMirror or illuminator\n2.\nCondenser\n3.\nDiaphragm\n4.\nCoarse adjustment\nknob\n5.\nFine adjustment knob\n6.\nEye piece\n7.\nObjective lenses\n8.\nLow-power objective\n9.\nHigh-power objective\n10.\nOil immersion\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided.\nprovided.\n1.\nWhich of the following is correct regarding the electron microscope?\na.\nIt utilizes transmitted light as the source of illumination.\nb.\nIt can magnify an object up to 1,000 times its size.\nc.\nObjectives are used to focus the beam of light to the object.\nd.\nIt is used to visualize viruses and the subcellular structures of a\ncell.\n2."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p40-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 40, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "kinds of enriched media\nwith vancomycin\nLong-term\nsequelae\nSecondary syphilis\nwith mucocutaneous\nlesions; tertiary syphilis\nRecurrent genital\nherpes\nInguinal bubo\nTreatment\nBenzathine penicillin G;\ndoxycycline if allergic\nto\npenicillin\nAcyclovir, famciclovir,\nor valacyclovir\nCeftriaxone,\nazithromycin,\nerythromycin, or\nciprofloxacin\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nquestions. Write the letter of the correct answer on the\nspace provided.\nCASE ANALYSIS. Read and analyze the case study, then answer the\nfollowing\nhospitality worker upon his return from his stint\nabroad.\nCase: A 32-year-old seaman consulted a local hospital because of\npainful urination and a\npurulent penile discharge, which started several days after engaging\nin casual sex with a\n1.\nThe patient is most likely suffering from which of the\nfollowing?\na.\nGonorrhea\nb.\nLymphogranuloma venereum\nc.\nGenital herpes\nd.\nSyphilis\n2.\nWhich of the following is true of the disease and its\netiologic agent?\na."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p55-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 55, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "a.\nConfocal microscope\nb.\nBrightfield microscope\nc.\nInterference contrast microscope\nd.\nFluorescence microscope\n4.\nWhich of the following statements is correct regarding the darkfield\nmicroscope?\na.\nIt is used to demonstrate viruses.\nb.\nIt utilizes transmitted light.\nc.\nThe specimen appears bright against a dark background.\nd.\nIt has a contrast-enhancing optical technique.\n5.\nWhich of the following types of microscopes makes use of ultraviolet\nlight and fluorescent dyes?\na.\nPhase-contrast microscope\nb.\nFluorescence microscope\nc.\nInterference contrast microscope\nd.\nCompound microscope\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided.\nprovided.\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nFeatures\nFeatures\nEukaryotic\nEukaryotic\nCell\nCell\nProkaryotic\nProkaryotic\nCell\nCell\nNucleus enclosed by nuclear\nmembrane\nLarger ribosome\nMembrane-bound organelles\nComplex cell wall\nMostly unicellular"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p53-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 53, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "following?\nDemonstration of atypical T\nlymphocytes in hematologic\nexamination of\na.\nEpstein-Barr virus\nc.\nCytomegalovirus\nb.\nZika virus\nd.\nChikungunya virus\n7.\nWhich of the following is\ntransmitted by the bite of the\nhuman body louse?\na.\nRickettsia prowazekii\nc.\nOrientia tsutsugamushi\nb.\nRickettsia rickettsii\nd.\nRickettsia typhi\n8.\nBrill-Zinsser disease is a\nrecrudescent infection seen in which\nof the\nfollowing?\na.\nRickettsialpox\nc.\nEpidemic typhus\nb.\nEndemic typhus\nd.\nScrub typhus\n9.\nWeil's disease or infective jaundice is\nassociated with infection caused by\nwhich of the following?\na.\nBorrelia burgdorferi\nc.\nLeptospira interrogans\nb.\nEhrlichia chaffeenensis\nd.\nCoxiella burnetti\n10.\nWhich of the following is true of\nNipah virus?\na.\nIt belongs to the family\nHerpesviridae.\nThe infection produced has a short"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p46-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 46, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Category of Exposure\nManagement\nManagement\nCategory II\n1.\nWash wound with soap and water.\n1.\nNibbling of uncovered skin with or without\n2.\nStart vaccine immediately.\n2.\nbruising/hematoma\nMinor/superficial scratches/abrasions\nwithout\n3.\nComplete vaccination regimen until Day 7\nregardless of status of biting animal.\nbleeding, including those induced to bleed.\n4.\nRIG is not indicated.\nCategory III\n1.\nWash wound with soap and water.\n1.\nTransdermal bites (puncture wounds,\n2.\nStart the vaccine and RIG immediately.\nlacerations, avulsions) or scratches/abrasions\nwith spontaneous bleeding\n3.\nComplete vaccination until Day 7\nregardless\nof the status of the biting animal.\n2.\nLicks on broken skin or mucous membrane\n3.\nExposure to a rabies patient through bites,\ncontamination of mucous membranes (eyes,\noral/nasal mucosa, genital/anal mucous\nmembrane) or open skin lesions with body\nfluids through splattering and mouth-to\nmouth resuscitation\n4.\nUnprotected handling of infected carcass\n5."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p52-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 52, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Humans, squirrel fleas, flying\nsquirrels\nTrench fever\nR. quintana\nHumans\nMurine typhus\nR. typhi\nFlea-borne\nWild rodents\nQ fever\nC. burnetii\nNone*\nCattle, sheep, goats, cats\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nquestions. Write the letter of the correct answer on\nthe space provided.\nCASE ANALYSIS. Read and analyze the case study, then\nanswer the following\nCase: A 7-year-old boy was brought to the ER because of\nnose bleeding and vomiting\nof blood. The patient was apparently well until 4 days prior\nto admission when the\nmosquitoes while playing with friends prior to\ndevelopment of the symptoms.\npatient developed moderate-grade fever, headache, and\nmuscle pains over the lower\nextremities. Two days prior to admission, the\nmaculopapular rashes were noted over\nthe trunk and extremities. Few minutes prior to admission,\nthe patient had epistaxis and\ntwo bouts of hematemesis. The mother reported that he\nhad a history of being bitten by\n1.\nWhich of the following infections would be the"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p56-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 56, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Obligate\nintracellular\nparasite\nExist as cyst and/or\ntrophozoite\nDinoflagellates\nCharacteristic\nCharacteristic\nBacteria\nBacteria\nFungi\nFungi\nViruses\nViruses\nProtozoa\nProtozoa\nAlgae\nAlgae\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nB.\nB.\nIndicate the function of the different reagents used in Gram staining given in\nIndicate the function of the different reagents used in Gram staining given in\nthe\nthe\ntable below, and the expected result. Write the letter/number corresponding to\nyour answer.\nExpected Result\nExpected Result\nReagent\nFunction\nGram-positive\nGram-negative\nCrystal violet\nGram's iodine\n95% Alcohol\nSafranin\nFeatures\nFeatures\nGram-positive Cell\nGram-positive Cell\nWall\nWall\nGram-negative Cell\nGram-negative Cell\nWall\nWall\nMultilayered\npeptidoglycan\nPorins (protein\nchannels)\nTeichoic acid\nLipopolysaccharide\ncomplexes\nOuter membrane\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nB.\nB.\nDifferentiate between the two methods of acid-fast staining by filling out the"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p57-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 57, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "C.\nC.\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided.\nprovided.\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n--\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nGrowth\nGrowth\nObtained\nObtained\nExposure to Heat\nBacillus subtilis\nEscherichia\ncoli\nAutoclave at 15 psi for 15\nminutes\nBoiling water for 30 minutes\nHeating at 60 \u00b0C for 1 hour\nChemical Agent\nChemical Agent\nGrowth Observed\nGrowth Observed\nControl\n1:1000 Zephiran\n70% alcohol\nProvidone-iodine\n1.\n1.\nIt is a method of sterilization that involves the physical separation of\nIt is a method of sterilization that involves the physical separation of\nmicroorganisms from the fluid.\nmicroorganisms from the fluid.\n2.\nThis method is utilized to deprive the organisms of moisture.\n3.\nThis method is used to destroy disease-causing microorganisms in milk,\nmilk products, food, and beverages.\n4."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p54-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 54, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "It can magnify an object up to 1,000 times its size.\nc.\nObjectives are used to focus the beam of light to the object.\nd.\nIt is used to visualize viruses and the subcellular structures of a\ncell.\n2.\nWhich type of microscope is used to study molecular and atomic\nshapes of an organism on a nanoscale and determine variations in\ntemperature inside the cell?\na.\nElectron microscope\nc.\nConfocal microscope\nb.\nScanning probe microscope\nd.\nPhase-contrast microscope\n3.\nWhich of the following types of microscopes is useful in studying the\nphysiology of the cell?"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p40-c2-t
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 40, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "following?\na.\nGonorrhea\nb.\nLymphogranuloma venereum\nc.\nGenital herpes\nd.\nSyphilis\n2.\nWhich of the following is true of the disease and its\netiologic agent?\na.\nIt is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide.\nb.\nIt is caused by a gram-positive kidney-bean shaped diplococcus.\nc.\nWomen usually present with symptoms."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p55-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 55, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Features\nFeatures\nEukaryotic\nEukaryotic\nCell\nCell\nProkaryotic\nProkaryotic\nCell\nCell\nNucleus enclosed by nuclear\nmembrane\nLarger ribosome\nMembrane-bound organelles\nComplex cell wall\nMostly unicellular\nCharacteristic\nCharacteristic\nBacteria\nBacteria\nFungi\nFungi\nViruses\nViruses\nProtozoa\nProtozoa\nAlgae\nAlgae\nAcellular\nErgosterol in the\ncell\nmembrane\nProkaryotic"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p58-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 58, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "2.\nLophotrichous\nPeritrichous\nAmphitrichous\nMonotrichous\n3.\nLophotrichous\nPeritrichous\nAmphitrichous\nMonotrichous\n4.\nLophotrichous\nPeritrichous\nAmphitrichous\nMonotrichous\n1.\n1.\nLophotrichous\nLophotrichous\nPeritrichous\nPeritrichous\nColumn A\nColumn A\nColumn B\nColumn B\n1.\na.\nCell wall\nAdherence and conjugation\n2.\nb.\nCell membrane\nProtein synthesis\n3.\nc.\nLipopolysaccharide\n(LPS)\nFor storage of food and energy\n4.\nd.\nRibosomes\nResistance to adverse\n5.\nNucleoid\nenvironmental conditions\n6.\ne.\nGranules\nMotility\n7.\nf.\nPili\nResistance to phagocytosis\n8.\ng.\nFlagella\nEndotoxin activity\n9.\nh.\nEndospores\nGives form and rigidity to the\ncell\n10.\ni.\nCapsule\nSite of ATP production\nj.\nContains the genetic material of\nthe bacteria\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nAntibiotic\nAntibiotic\nZone Size\nZone Size\nInterpretation*\nInterpretation*"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p56-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 56, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "channels)\nTeichoic acid\nLipopolysaccharide\ncomplexes\nOuter membrane\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nB.\nB.\nDifferentiate between the two methods of acid-fast staining by filling out the\nDifferentiate between the two methods of acid-fast staining by filling out the\ntable\ntable\nbelow with the letter/number corresponding to your answer.\nEXPECTED RESULT\nEXPECTED RESULT\nREAGENT\nFUNCTION\nZiehl-Neelsen\nKinyoun\nCarbolfuchsin\nAcid alcohol\nSafranin"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:39
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p52-c2-t
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 52, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "the patient had epistaxis and\ntwo bouts of hematemesis. The mother reported that he\nhad a history of being bitten by\n1.\nWhich of the following infections would be the\nprimary consideration?\na.\nChikungunya\nc.\nZika virus infection\nb.\nDengue\nd.\nNipah virus infection\n2.\ncondition?\nWhich of the following is the vector of the pathogen\ncausing the patient's\na.\nAnopheles flavirostris\nc.\nAedes aegypti"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:40
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p57-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 57, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "2.\nThis method is utilized to deprive the organisms of moisture.\n3.\nThis method is used to destroy disease-causing microorganisms in milk,\nmilk products, food, and beverages.\n4.\nAt 15 psi, the temperature reaches 121\u00b0C, requiring only 15\u201320 minutes to\nsterilize the material.\n5.\nThe material to be sterilized is exposed to live steam for 30 minutes for\n3 consecutive days.\n6.\nThis chemical agent is used as a standard for evaluating new chemical\nagents.\n7.\nThis chemical agent is used as water disinfectant.\n8.\nThis chemical agent is a phenol derivative that is less toxic and more\npotent\nthan phenol.\n9.\nIt is considered the best antiseptic.\n10.\nIt is used as prophylaxis for ophthalmia neonatorum.\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\n1.\n1.\nLophotrichous\nLophotrichous\nPeritrichous\nPeritrichous\nAmphitrichous\nMonotrichous"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:40
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p46-c2-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 46, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "oral/nasal mucosa, genital/anal mucous\nmembrane) or open skin lesions with body\nfluids through splattering and mouth-to\nmouth resuscitation\n4.\nUnprotected handling of infected carcass\n5.\nIngestion of raw infected meat\n6.\nExposure to bats\n7.\nAll Category II exposures on head and neck\narea\nDisease\nDisease\nEtiology\nEtiology\nVector\nVector\nJapanese B encephalitis\nFlavivirus\nAedes mosquito\nEastern Equine encephalitis\nTogavirus\nCuliseta\nmosquito\nWestern Equine\nencephalitis\nTogavirus\nCulex mosquito"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:40
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p61-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 61, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "From entry of pathogen\nto appearance of initial\nmanifestations\nColumn A\nColumn A\nColumn B\nColumn B\nColumn A\nColumn A\nColumn B\nColumn B\n1.\nCarrier\na.\nInsects that transmit infection\n2.\nFomite\nb.\nPresence of bacteria in the\nblood\n3.\nVector\nc.\nPerson harboring the organism\n4.\nVehicle\nwithout signs and symptoms of\n5.\nSepticemia\nthe disease\n6.\nFulminant infection\nd.\nHospital-acquired infections\n7.\nNosocomial\ninfection\ne.\nA disease constantly present in\na\npopulation at low levels\n8.\nEndemic disease\nf.\nInanimate object which can\ncarry\n9.\nBacteremia\nmicroorganisms\n10.\nViremia\ng.\nMultiplying bacteria in the\nbloodstream\nh.\nBiological substances that can\ncarry organisms\ni.\nPresence of viruses in the\nbloodstream\nj.\nInfection that always leads to\ndeath\nFeature\nFeature\nExotoxin\nExotoxin\nEndotoxin\nEndotoxin\nBacterial source\nToxicity\nStability to heat\nAntigenicity\nFever\nproduction\nA.\nA.\nFill out the following\nFill out the following\ntables.\ntables.\n----\n--\n--\n--------------------------------\n--"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:40
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p60-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 60, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Both a and b\nb.\nTest tube method\nd.\nNeither a nor b\n4.\nWhich of the following mechanisms is responsible for resistance to\nantibiotics?\na.\nLack of enzymes that would accelerate antibiotic metabolism\nb.\nProduction of proteins with similar structure as the antibiotic\nc.\nDevelopment of efflux pumps that prevent accumulation of the\nantibiotic\nd.\nExpression of resistance genes that will cause accumulation of the\nantibiotic in the host\n5.\nWhich of the following combinations of antibiotic and mechanism of action\nis correct?\na.\nCell wall inhibition \u2013 Penicillin\nb.\nCell membrane alteration \u2013 Vancomycin\nc.\nProtein synthesis inhibition \u2013 Nystatin\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided.\nprovided.\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nA.\nA.\nMATCHING TYPE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nMATCHING TYPE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:40
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p59-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 59, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Antibiotic\nAntibiotic\nZone Size\nZone Size\nInterpretation*\nInterpretation*\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided.\nprovided.\n1.\nWhich of the following is correct regarding the importance of antibiotic\nsusceptibility testing (AST)?\na.\nIt will aid the physician as to the appropriate antibiotic to give the\npatient.\nb.\nIt will prevent resistance because it will indicate how long the drug\nmust be given.\nc.\nIt will aid in the choice of what culture media to use.\nd.\nIt will test development of hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction to a\ncertain antibiotic.\n2.\nWhich of the following is a desirable characteristic of an ideal antimicrobial\nagent?\na.\nNarrow spectrum of activity\nb.\nMust remain longer in liquid form\nc.\nWith preventable adverse effects\nd.\nToxic to microbial cell but not to humans\n3.\nWhat is the method of antibiotic susceptibility testing used to determine the"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:40
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p64-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 64, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "3.\nparasites?\nCysticercus cellulosae is the infective stage for which of the\nfollowing\na.\nTaenia solium\nc.\nHymenolepis nana\nb.\nEchinococcus granulosus\nd.\nTaenia saginata\n4.\nWhich of the following cestodes has two intermediate hosts?\na.\nDiphyllobothrium latum\nc.\nHymenolepis nana\nb.\nEchinococcus granulosus\nd.\nTaenia saginata\n5.\nWhich of the following cestodes has no obligatory intermediate\nhost?\na.\nTaenia solium\nc.\nHymenolepis nana\nEchinococcus granulosus\nb.\nTaenia saginata\nd.\n6.\nThe following are intestinal cestodes,\nexcept:\na.\nTaenia solium\nc.\nTaenia saginata\nb.\nHymenolepis nana\nd.\nEchinococcus granulosus\nA.\nA.\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the\nspace provided.\nspace provided.\n7.\n7.\nWhich of the following is a characteristic of\nWhich of the following is a characteristic of\nHymenolepis nana?\nHymenolepis nana?\na.\nThe freshwater fish is its intermediate host.\nb."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:40
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p62-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 62, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Immunological memory\nProperty\nProperty\nInnate\nInnate\nImmunity\nImmunity\nAdaptive immunity\nAdaptive immunity\nHypersensitivity\nHypersensitivity\nReaction\nReaction\nDescriptive name\nDescriptive name\nMediator(s)\nMediator(s)\nExample(s)\nExample(s)\nType I\nType II\nType III\nType IV\nColumn\nColumn\nA\nA\nColumn B\nColumn B\n1.\nIgG\na.\nIndicative\nof\nallergic\nreactions\nand\nparasitic\n2.\nIgM\ninfections\n3.\nIgA\nb.\nServes as surface markers for B cells\n4.\nIgE\nc.\nFound in body secretions like the saliva and\ntears\n5.\nIgD\nd.\nPredominant antibody during chronic infections\ne.\nPredominant antibody during acute infections\nColumn A\nColumn A\nColumn B\nColumn B\n1.\nBone marrow\na.\nPrimary lymphoid organ\n2.\nSpleen\nb.\nSecondary lymphoid\norgan\n3.\nAppendix\n4.\nThymus\n5.\nMucosa-associated lymphoid\ntissues\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nA.\nA.\nMatch the protozoans in Column A with their\nMatch the protozoans in Column A with their\nrespective vectors in Column B.\nrespective vectors in Column B.\nColumn A\nColumn\nB\n1."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:40
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p63-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 63, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "4.\nPlasmodium spp.\nd.\nGlossina/tsetse\nfly\nB.\n(Column\nA).\nMatch the Plasmodium species (Column B) with their\nrespective characteristics\nColumn A\nColumn B\n1.\nNatural parasite of macaque monkeys\na.\nPlasmodium ovale\n2.\nInfects both young and old RBCs\nb.\nPlasmodium vivax\n3.\nCycle of fever every 72 hours\nc.\nPlasmodium malariae\n4.\nMalignant tertian malaria\nd.\nPlasmodium\nfalciparum\n5.\nMaurer's dots\ne.\nPlasmodium knowlesi\n6.\nSchuffner's dots\nf.\nd and e only\n7.\nInfects old red blood cells\ng.\na and b only\nA.\nA.\nMatch the protozoans in Column A with their\nMatch the protozoans in Column A with their\nrespective vectors in Column B.\nrespective vectors in Column B.\nColumn\nColumn\nA\nA\nColumn B\nColumn B\n1.\nEntamoeba histolytica\na.\nBite of arthropod vector\n2.\nNaegleria fowleri\nb.\nIngestion of\ncontaminated\n3.\nAcanthamoeba sp.\nfood or water\n4.\nGiardia lamblia\nc.\nSexual contact\n5.\nTrichomonas vaginalis\nd.\nTransnasal\n6.\nToxoplasma gondii\ne.\nTransplacental\n7.\nPlasmodium sp.\nf.\nb and e only\n8."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:40
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p66-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 66, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Paragonimus westermani\nb.\nFasciola hepatica\nd.\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided.\nprovided.\nB.\nB.\nMATCHING TYPE. Match the following parasites in Column A with\nMATCHING TYPE. Match the following parasites in Column A with\ntheir\ntheir\ncommon names in Column B.\ncommon names in Column B.\nColumn A\nColumn B\n1.\nFasciolopsis buski\na.\nBlood fluke\n2.\nParagonimus westermani\nb.\nSheep liver fluke\n3.\nFasciola hepatica\nc.\nLung fluke\n4.\nClonorchis sinensis\nd.\nIntestinal fluke\n5.\nSchistosoma japonicum\ne.\nChinese liver\nfluke\nParasite\nParasite\nFirst Intermediate Host\nFirst Intermediate Host\nSecond Intermediate Host\nSecond Intermediate Host\nSchistosoma spp.\nClonorchis\nsinensis\nParagonimus\nwestermani\nFasciolopsis buski\nFasciola hepatica\nParasite\nParasite\nSite of Infection\nSite of Infection\nAssociated Complication\nAssociated Complication\nSchistosoma\njaponicum\nSchistosoma mansoni\nSchistosoma"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:40
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p65-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 65, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "10.\nthe following cestodes?\nHumans serve as both definitive and\nintermediate host for which of\na.\nTaenia saginata\nc.\nTaenia solium\nb.\nEchinococcus granulosus\nd.\nDiphyllobothrium\nlatum\nB.\nMATCHING TYPE. Match the following parasites with\ntheir common names\n(Column A) and respective intermediate host\n(Column B). On the first blank, write\nthe letter of your choice from Column A. On the\nsecond blank, write the Roman\nnumeral of your choice from Column B.\nColumn A\nColumn B\n1.\nTaenia saginata\na.\nBroad fish tapeworm\ni.\nPig\n2.\nTaenia solium\nb.\nPork tapeworm\nii.\nFreshwater fish\n3.\nHymenolepis nana\nc.\nDog tapeworm\niii.\nCattle\n4.\nEchinococcus granulosus\nd.\nDwarf tapeworm\niv.\nSheep\n7.\n7.\nWhich of the following is a characteristic of\nWhich of the following is a characteristic of\nHymenolepis nana?\nHymenolepis nana?\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided.\nprovided.\n1.\npenetration?"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:40
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p61-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 61, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Endotoxin\nBacterial source\nToxicity\nStability to heat\nAntigenicity\nFever\nproduction\nA.\nA.\nFill out the following\nFill out the following\ntables.\ntables.\n----\n--\n--\n--------------------------------\n--\nProperty\nProperty\nInnate\nInnate\nImmunity\nImmunity\nAdaptive immunity\nAdaptive immunity\nActivity at birth\nResponse time\nSpecificity for microorganisms\nCells involved"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:40
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p59-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 59, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "b.\nMust remain longer in liquid form\nc.\nWith preventable adverse effects\nd.\nToxic to microbial cell but not to humans\n3.\nWhat is the method of antibiotic susceptibility testing used to determine the\nbacteriostatic and bactericidal concentration of an antibiotic?\na.\nDisc diffusion method\nc."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:40
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p60-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 60, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Name:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nA.\nA.\nMATCHING TYPE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nMATCHING TYPE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided.\nprovided.\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n--\nI.\nI.\nMatch the stage of infection (Column A) with the corresponding\nMatch the stage of infection (Column A) with the corresponding\nevents\nevents\noccurring during each stage (Column B).\nColumn A\nColumn A\nColumn B\nColumn B\n1.\nIncubation period\na.\nSigns and symptoms of the\n2.\nProdromal period\npatient start to decline\n3.\nPeriod of illness\nb.\nPeriod of maximal invasion\n4.\nPeriod of defervescence\nc.\nRecovery period\n5.\nPeriod of convalescence\nd.\nEarly but mild symptoms;\nusually\nnon-specific manifestations\ne."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:40
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p62-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 62, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Section:\nDate:\nA.\nA.\nMatch the protozoans in Column A with their\nMatch the protozoans in Column A with their\nrespective vectors in Column B.\nrespective vectors in Column B.\nColumn A\nColumn\nB\n1.\nTrypanosoma cruzi\na.\nPhlebotomus and\nLutzomyia fly (sandfly)\n2.\nTrypanosoma brucei\nb.\nAnopheles\nmosquito\n3.\nLeishmania sp.\nc.\nTriatomine/reduviid\nbug"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:40
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p64-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 64, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "7.\n7.\nWhich of the following is a characteristic of\nWhich of the following is a characteristic of\nHymenolepis nana?\nHymenolepis nana?\na.\nThe freshwater fish is its intermediate host.\nb.\nThe infective stage is the cysticercoid\nlarvae.\nc.\nIt may be transmitted by direct contact.\nd.\nInfection mimics pinworm infection because\nof pruritus ani.\n8.\ncestodes?\nThe plerocercoid larva is the infective stage\nof which of the following\na.\nTaenia solium\nc.\nDiphyllobothrium\nlatum\nb.\nHymenolepis nana\nd.\nEchinococcus\ngranulosus\n9.\nsolium?\nWhich of the following differentiates Taenia\nsaginata from Taenia\na.\nIts intermediate host is cattle.\nb.\nThe scolex contains rostellum.\nc.\nEach proglottid contains about 7-15 uterine\nbranches.\nd.\nManifests with larva within a cyst."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:40
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p63-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 63, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "contaminated\n3.\nAcanthamoeba sp.\nfood or water\n4.\nGiardia lamblia\nc.\nSexual contact\n5.\nTrichomonas vaginalis\nd.\nTransnasal\n6.\nToxoplasma gondii\ne.\nTransplacental\n7.\nPlasmodium sp.\nf.\nb and e only\n8.\nLeishmania donovani\n9.\nBalantidium coli\n10.\nTrypanosoma cruzi\nA.\nA.\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the\nspace provided.\nspace provided.\n1.\nWhich of the following is correct regarding\ncestodes?\na.\nThe body is divided into segments called strobila.\nb.\nAll are hermaphroditic.\nc.\nThe head contains an organ for attachment called rostellum.\nd.\nThe infective stage is the embryonated egg.\n2.\nHydatid cyst is associated with which of the following cestodes?\na.\nDiphyllobothrium latum\nc.\nHymenolepis nana\nb.\nEchinococcus granulosus\nd.\nTaenia saginata"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:40
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p66-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 66, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Fasciolopsis buski\nFasciola hepatica\nParasite\nParasite\nSite of Infection\nSite of Infection\nAssociated Complication\nAssociated Complication\nSchistosoma\njaponicum\nSchistosoma mansoni\nSchistosoma\nhaematobium\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the\nspace provided.\nspace provided.\n1.\ninfection?\nWhich of the following is the most common parasitic intestinal\na.\nTrichuriasis\nc.\nAscariasis\nb.\nTrichinosis\nd.\nEnterobiasis\n2.\nWhat is the active feeding form of hookworms?\na.\nFilariform larva\nc.\nRhabditiform larva\nb.\nFork-tailed cercaria\nd.\nMetacercaria"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:40
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p65-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 65, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Hymenolepis nana?\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided.\nprovided.\n1.\npenetration?\nWhich of the following trematodes is acquired through skin\na.\nParagonimus westermani\nc.\nClonorchis sinensis\nb.\nSchistosoma haematobium\nd.\nFasciola hepatica\n2.\npulmonary tuberculosis?\nWhich of the following trematodes cause infection that mimics\na.\nParagonimus westermani\nc.\nClonorchis sinensis\nb.\nSchistosoma haematobium\nd.\nFasciola hepatica\n3.\nanimals act as important\nreservoirs?\nWhich of the following is the only schistosome where domestic\na.\nSchistosoma mansoni\nc.\nSchistosoma haematobium\nb.\nSchistosoma japonicum\n4.\nWhich of the following trematodes can cause obstructive jaundice?\na.\nFasciolopsis buski\nc.\nSchistosoma mansoni\nb.\nParagonimus westermani\nd.\nFasciola hepatica\n5.\nWhich of the following causes a disease that mimics duodenal ulcer?\na.\nFasciolopsis buski\nc.\nSchistosoma mansoni"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:41
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p68-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 68, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "philippinensis\nTrichinella spiralis\nWuchereria bancrofti\nParasite\nParasite\nMode of\nMode of\nTransmission\nTransmission\nCharacteristic\nCharacteristic\nManifestation\nManifestation\nDiagnosis\nDiagnosis\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nLEARNING OBJECTIVE\nin analyzing cases pertaining to skin infections.\nAt the end of the laboratory period, the student should be able to\ndevelop the skills\nA.\nquestions. Write the letter of the correct answer on the\nspace provided.\nCASE ANALYSIS. Read and analyze the case studies, then answer the\nfollowing\nruptured and formed crusts.\nCase No. 1: A 6-year-old boy was brought to a physician because of\nskin lesions\ndescribed as having \"honey-colored crusts\" over the lower\nextremities. The\ncondition started a week prior to consultation as vesicular lesions\nwhich later\n1.\nWhat is the most probable diagnosis?\na.\nStaphylococcal scalded skin syndrome\nb.\nErysipelas\nc.\nNecrotizing fasciitis\nd.\nImpetigo\n2."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:41
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p69-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 69, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "symptoms. Fungal infection is suspected.\n1.\nWhat is the probable diagnosis?\na.\nTinea corporis\nc.\nChromoblastomycosis\nb.\nTinea versicolor\nd.\nTinea nigra\n2.\nWhat is the most likely etiologic agent?\na.\nExophiala werneckii\nc.\nFonseca pedrosoi\nb.\nMicrosporum canis\nd.\nMalassezia furfur\n3.\nWhat is the characteristic microscopic appearance of the causative\nagent when stained with 10% KOH?\na.\n\"Spaghetti and meatballs\"\nc.\nDaisy-like arrangement\nb.\nFavic chandelier\nd.\nTeardrop microconidia\n3.\n3.\nWhat is the distinctive characteristic of the causative agent?\nWhat is the distinctive characteristic of the causative agent?\nColumn A\nColumn A\nColumn B\nColumn B\n1.\nFever blister\na.\nStaphylococcus epidermidis\n2.\nOsteochondritis\nb.\nStreptococcus pyogenes\n3.\nCondylomata acuminata\nc.\nCurvularia sp.\n4.\nMycetoma or Madura foot\nd.\nHuman papillomavirus\n5.\nRose gardener's disease\ne.\nClostridium perfringens\n6.\nMyonecrosis or Gas\ngangrene\nf.\nExophiala werneckii\n7.\nNecrotizing fasciitis\ng.\nPseudomonas aeruginosa\n8."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:41
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p67-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 67, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "3.\nWhich of the following is a characteristic of Trichuris\ntrichiura?\na.\nAlso known as pinworm\nb.\nResembles a \"whip\"\nc.\nCauses iron deficiency anemia\nd.\nLarva is encysted in muscle tissue.\n4.\nWhich of the following is correct regarding Wuchereria\nbancrofti?\na.\nIt is the more common cause of elephantiasis.\nb.\nThe infective stage is metacercaria.\nc.\nIt is transmitted by bite of ticks.\nd.\nGround itch appears during the invasive stage.\n5.\nflat on one side?\nWhich of the following nematodes produces eggs that are oval and\na.\nAscaris lumbricoides\nc.\nTrichinella spiralis\nb.\nEnterobius vermicularis\nd.\nTrichuris trichiura\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the\nspace provided.\nspace provided.\nColumn A\nColumn A\nColumn B\nColumn B\n1.\nCapillaria philippinensis\na.\nThreadworm\n2.\nNecator americanus\nb.\nPinworm\n3.\nStrongyloides stercoralis\nc.\nMalayan filarial worm\n4.\nEnterobius vermicularis\nd.\nWhipworm\n5."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:41
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p70-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 70, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Staphylococcus aureus\nc.\nCorynebacterium diphtheriae\nb.\nStreptococcus pneumoniae\nd.\nBordetella pertussis\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\n4.\n4.\nThe patient is in what stage of the disease\nThe patient is in what stage of the disease\nprocess?\nprocess?\na.\nCatarrhal stage\nc.\nConvalescent stage\nb.\nParoxysmal stage\nd.\nProdromal stage\n5.\nWhich of the following is the best way to prevent this infection?\na.\nGood hygiene\nc.\nTake vitamin C\nb.\nDrink plenty of water\nd.\nVaccination\npatient had lost weight due to loss of appetite.\nCase No. 2: A 35-year-old male construction worker complains of blood-\nstreaked\nsputum. The condition started 1 month prior to consultation as dry, non\nproductive cough of 2 weeks' duration associated with afternoon rises in body\ntemperature and night sweats. The wife noticed that since the condition started\nthe\n1.\nWhat is the most probable diagnosis?\na.\nBronchiolitis\nc.\nPneumonia\nb.\nPulmonary tuberculosis\nd.\nPulmonary anthrax\n2.\nWhat is the most probable causative agent?\na."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:41
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p71-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 71, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "d.\nGram stain\n4.\n4.\nThe patient is in what stage of the disease\nThe patient is in what stage of the disease\nprocess?\nprocess?\nColumn A\nColumn A\nColumn B\nColumn B\n1.\na.\nPontiac fever\nRespiratory syncytial\nvirus\n2.\nb.\nWalking pneumonia\nSARS-CoV-2\n3.\nc.\nViral pneumonia\nMycoplasma pneumoniae\n4.\nLegionella pneumophila\nCOVID-19\nd.\n5.\ne.\nBronchiolitis in\ninfants\nAdenovirus\nLEARNING\nLEARNING\nOBJECTIVE\nOBJECTIVE\nDECHOII\nDate\nSection:\nDate:\nVame:\nScore:\n3.\n3.\nWhich of the following antigens is\nWhich of the following antigens is\nresponsible for the antiphagocytic\nresponsible for the antiphagocytic\ncharacteristic of the causative\ncharacteristic of the causative\nagent?\nagent?\na.\nSomatic antigen\nc.\nCapsular antigen\nb.\nFlagellar antigen\nd.\na and c only\n4.\nWhat is the best specimen to collect at this\nstage of infection?\na.\nUrine\nc.\nBlood\nb.\nStool\nd.\nSputum\n5.\nWhich of the following best describes a\ncarrier for this infection?\na.\nmore than 1 year\nAsymptomatic carriage of the"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:41
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p73-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 73, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "a. Chancroid\nc.\ninguinale\nb. Syphilis\nd.\nGenital herpes\n2. What is the most likely etiologic\nagent?\na. Haemophilus ducreyi\nC\nChlamydia\ntrachomatis\nb. Treponema pallidum\nd.\nHerpes Simplex\ntype 2\n3. Which of the following tests is a\nspecific\ntreponemal\ntest?\na. VDRL\n-\nFTA-ABS\nb. Rapid plasma reagin test\nd.\nDarkfield\nmicroscopy\nInfe\nInfe\ncti\ncti\nons\nons\n1.\n1.\nWhich of the following statements is\nWhich of the following statements is\ncorrect regarding UTI?\ncorrect regarding UTI?\na.\nIt is more common in males than\nfemales.\nb.\nUnprotected sexual intercourse\ncan predispose one to UTI.\nc.\nHypertensive individuals are more\nsusceptible to UTI.\nd.\nAnatomic abnormalities such as\nkinking of the pelvis can lead to\nUTI.\n2.\nWhich of the following is the most\ncommon cause of UTI?\na.\nEscherichia coli\nc.\nPseudomonas aeruginosa\nb.\nStaphylococcus aureus\nd.\nEnterococcus faecalis\n3.\nof renal stones?\nWhich of the following organisms is\nassociated with the development\na.\nSerratia marcescens\nc.\nProteus mirabilis"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:41
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p72-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 72, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "negative.\nto the hospital because of fever and\nyellowish discoloration of the skin and\nsclerae. On physical examination, the liver\nis enlarged and tender. Laboratory results\nreveal (+) HBsAg. Gram stain was\n1.\nWhat is your primary consideration for this\ncase?\na.\nSalmonellosis\nc.\nHemolytic uremic syndrome\nb.\nLiver cirrhosis\nd.\nViral hepatitis\n2.\nWhat is the most likely etiologic agent?\na.\nSalmonella typhi\nc.\nShigella dysenteriae\nb.\nAlcoholism\nd.\nHepadnavirus\n3.\nThe most likely etiologic agent is\ntransmitted by the following\nmethods, except:\na.\nFecal-oral\nc.\nSexual contact\nb.\nBlood transfusion\nd.\nParenteral\n3.\n3.\nWhich of the following antigens is\nWhich of the following antigens is\nresponsible for the antiphagocytic\nresponsible for the antiphagocytic\ncharacteristic of the causative\ncharacteristic of the causative\nagent?\nagent?\nColumn A\nColumn A\nColumn B\nColumn B\n1.\nFulminant infection\na.\nHepatitis A\nvirus\n2.\nMost common cause of post\nb.\nHepatitis B virus\ntransfusion hepatitis\nc."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:41
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p74-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 74, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "3.\nGeneralized maculopapular\nrash\nincluding palms and soles\nc.\nd.\nLatent syphilis\nTertiary syphilis\n4.\nCondylomata lata\n5.\nAortic aneurysm\nColumn\nColumn\nA\nA\nColumn B\nColumn B\nSyphilis\nSyphilis\nGonorrhea\nGonorrhea\nCongenital transmission\nNeonatal transmission\nSystemic spread\nPresence of skin lesions\nPurulent discharge\nThe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nThe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:41
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p68-c1-t
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 68, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "which later\n1.\nWhat is the most probable diagnosis?\na.\nStaphylococcal scalded skin syndrome\nb.\nErysipelas\nc.\nNecrotizing fasciitis\nd.\nImpetigo\n2.\nWhat is the most probable causative agent for this condition?\n3.\n3.\nWhat is the distinctive characteristic of the causative agent?\nWhat is the distinctive characteristic of the causative agent?\na.\nProduces water-soluble pigments\nb.\nProduces golden yellow colonies\nc.\nStrict anaerobe\nd.\nProduces endospores\n4.\nWhat diagnostic tests would you request to establish the diagnosis?\na.\nGram stain\nc.\nSerology\nb.\nCulture\nd.\nBacitracin test\n5.\nThe causative agent will yield a positive result in which of the\nfollowing tests?\na.\nOptochin test\nc.\nCoagulase test\nb.\nBacitracin test\nd.\nUrea test\nCase No. 2: A 15-year-old girl consulted a physician because of hypopigmented\nmacules over her right cheek. On physical examination, the lesions appear\nscaly\nand dry, with a \"chalky\" appearance. There are no other accompanying signs\nand"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:41
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p67-c1-t
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 67, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Column A\nColumn B\nColumn B\n1.\nCapillaria philippinensis\na.\nThreadworm\n2.\nNecator americanus\nb.\nPinworm\n3.\nStrongyloides stercoralis\nc.\nMalayan filarial worm\n4.\nEnterobius vermicularis\nd.\nWhipworm\n5.\nTrichinella spiralis\ne.\nNew World\nhookworm\n6.\nTrichuris trichiura\nf.\nPudoc worm\n7.\nBrugia malayi\ng.\nMuscle worm\nParasite\nParasite\nMode of\nMode of\nTransmission\nTransmission\nCharacteristic\nCharacteristic\nManifestation\nManifestation\nDiagnosis\nDiagnosis\nAscaris lumbricoides\nTrichuris trichiura\nEnterobius vermicularis\nStrongyloides\nstercoralis\nNecator americanus\nCapillaria"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:41
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p70-c1-t
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 70, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "the\n1.\nWhat is the most probable diagnosis?\na.\nBronchiolitis\nc.\nPneumonia\nb.\nPulmonary tuberculosis\nd.\nPulmonary anthrax\n2.\nWhat is the most probable causative agent?\na.\nAdenovirus\nc.\nMycobacterium tuberculosis\nb.\nKlebsiella pneumoniae\nd.\nBacillus anthracis\n3.\nWhich of the following best characterizes the causative agent?\na.\nGram-positive bacilli, encapsulated\nb.\nAcid-fast, obligate aerobic bacilli\nc.\nFacultative gram-negative bacilli\nd.\nGram-positive bacilli, aerobic spore-former\n4.\ndiagnose this infection?\nWhich of the following tests would be the best for you to request to\na.\nTuberculin skin test\nb.\nSputum examination with acid-fast stain\nc.\nChest X-ray"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:41
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p69-c1-t
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 69, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "d.\nHuman papillomavirus\n5.\nRose gardener's disease\ne.\nClostridium perfringens\n6.\nMyonecrosis or Gas\ngangrene\nf.\nExophiala werneckii\n7.\nNecrotizing fasciitis\ng.\nPseudomonas aeruginosa\n8.\nStitch abscess\nh.\nHerpes simplex virus\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nLEARNING OBJECTIVE\nAt the end of the laboratory period, the student should be able to develop the\nskills\nin analyzing cases pertaining to infections of the respiratory tract.\nA.\nCASE ANALYSIS. Read and analyze the case studies, then answer the following\nquestions. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided.\nCase No. 1: A 7-year-old child was brought to the emergency room because\nof fever and prolonged episode of forceful, dry hacking cough with a distinct\ninspiratory whoop. The patient has no history of immunization.\n1.\nWhat is the most probable diagnosis?\na.\nPneumonia\nc.\nPertussis\nb.\nBronchitis\nd.\nDiphtheria\n2.\nWhat is the most probable causative agent?\na."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:41
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p71-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 71, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "stage of infection?\na.\nUrine\nc.\nBlood\nb.\nStool\nd.\nSputum\n5.\nWhich of the following best describes a\ncarrier for this infection?\na.\nmore than 1 year\nAsymptomatic carriage of the\nbacteria in the gallbladder for\nb.\n1 year\nAsymptomatic carriage of the\nbacteria in the blood for more\nthan\nc.\n6 months\nAsymptomatic carriage of the\nbacteria in the kidneys for\nd.\n6 months\nAsymptomatic carriage of the\nbacteria in the gallbladder for\nCase No. 2: A 25-year-old male was brought"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:41
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p74-c1-t
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 74, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:41
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p72-c1-t
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 72, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "agent?\nagent?\nColumn A\nColumn A\nColumn B\nColumn B\n1.\nFulminant infection\na.\nHepatitis A\nvirus\n2.\nMost common cause of post\nb.\nHepatitis B virus\ntransfusion hepatitis\nc.\nHepatitis C\nvirus\n3.\nVaccine preventable hepatitis\nd.\nHepatitis D\nvirus\n4.\nOccur as co-infection or super\ninfection with HBV\ne.\nHepatitis E virus\n5.\nA DNA virus\nf.\nb and c only\n6.\nCan progress to chronicity\ng.\nb, c, and d only\n7.\nCan progress to\nhepatocellular\ncarcinoma\nh.\na and b only\nInfe\nInfe\ncti\ncti\nons\nons\nNan\nme:\nScore:\nSect\ncion:\nDate:\nLEARNING OBJEC\nTIVE\nAt the end of the laboratory period, the studer nalyzing cases pertaining to infections of the ge\n-\nA.\nCASE ANALYSIS. Read and analyze the casquestions. Write the letter of the correct answ\n8\nCase No. 1: A 28-year-old seaman consulted nodule on the shaft of his penis that is hard a\nenlargement of his inguinal lymph nodes. The smooth edges.\nnd pai\nnless\naccompanied\nby painless\n1. What is the most probable diagn\nosis?\nGranuloma"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:41
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p75-c0-t
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 75, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "nurse.\n1. Ho\nw will you\nmanage\nthe\npatient?\na.\nWash the\nwound\nwith\nn soap and\nru\nnning water.\nb.\nRabies\nvaccine\nIM for\n5 days (0,\n3,\n7, 14, and 28)\nc.\nInfiltration\nof RIG aro\nund the\nbite\nsite\nd.\nAll of the\nabove\n2. Wh\nich of the\nfollowing\nsyr\nmptoms is\nmo\nost\ncharacteristic\nof rabies?\na.\nSeizures\nc.\nHydrophobia\nb.\nBlurring of\nvision\nd.\nFlaccid\nparalysis\nThe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nThe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:41
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p76-c0-t
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 76, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "c.\nMost present with inapparent infection\nd.\nNot preventable by vaccination\n3.\ninfants?\nWhich of the following is the most common cause of meningitis\nin\na.\nEscherichia coli\nc.\nFlavivirus\nb.\nHaemophilus influenzae\nd.\nNeisseria meningitidis\n4.\nFlaccid paralysis occurs in the following diseases,\nexcept:\na.\nInfant botulism\nc.\nPoliomyelitis\nb.\nTetanus\nd.\nRabies\n4.\n4.\nWhich of the following are possible modes of\nWhich of the following are possible modes of\ntransmission of rabies?\ntransmission of rabies?\na.\na.\nCandida albicans\nCandida albicans\nc.\nc.\nCryptococcus neoformans\nCryptococcus neoformans\nb.\nHistoplasma capsulatum\nd.\nCoccidioides immitis\nI.\nColumn\nB.\nColumn A\nMATCHING TYPE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided.\nMatch the clinical presentation in Column A with the type of leprosy in\nColumn B\n1.\n2.\nHighly infectious\nComplete sensory loss\na.\nTuberculoid leprosy\nb.\nLepromatous leprosy\n3.\nPresent with\nhypopigmented\nlesions\nc.\nBoth a and b\nd.\nNeither a nor b\n4.\n5."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p77-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 77, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "9.\nInclusion conjunctivitis\na.\na.\nCandida albicans\nCandida albicans\nc.\nc.\nCryptococcus neoformans\nCryptococcus neoformans\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\n1.\n1.\nWhat is the most probable diagnosis?\nWhat is the most probable diagnosis?\na.\nGerman measles\nc.\nRoseola infantum\nb.\nMeasles\nd.\nErythema infectiosum\n2.\nWhat is the most likely causative agent?\na.\nRubella virus\nc.\nHuman herpes virus 6\nb.\nParvovirus B19\nd.\nRubeola virus\n3.\nWhat do you call the pathognomonic enanthem associated with\nthis\ndisease?\na.\nRose spots\nc.\nForscheimer spots\nb.\nKoplik's spots\nd.\nSlapped cheek\nappearance\n4.\nWhat is the most common complication associated with this\ninfectious disease?\na.\nPneumonia\nb.\nOtitis media\nc.\nSubacute sclerosing panencephalitis\nd.\nCrippling arthritis\n5.\nWhich of the following exanthems is not vaccine-preventable?\na.\nMeasles\nc.\nRubella\nb.\nRoseola infantum\nd.\nChickenpox\n6.\nWhich of the following exanthems present with vesicular lesions?\na.\nFifth disease\nc.\nSmallpox\nI.\nI."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p78-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 78, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "3.\nPainful vesicles along the\nc.\nChickenpox\ndermatome\nd.\nZika\n4.\nTotally eradicated by\ne.\nSmallpox\nvaccination\nf.\nShingles\n5.\nItchy vesicles in crops in\ndifferent stages\ng.\nRubella\n6.\nCrippling arthritis\n7.\nBranny desquamation\n8.\nPost-auricular\nlymphadenopathy\n9.\nSubacute sclerosing\npanencephalitis\n10.\nCongenital heart defect\nII.\nMatch the infection in Column A with the causative agent in Column B.\nColumn A\nColumn B\n1.\nMeasles\na.\nHuman herpes virus\n6\n2.\nErythema infectiosum\nb.\nVaricella-zoster virus\n3.\nChickenpox\nc.\nParvovirus B19\n4.\nGerman measles\nd.\nRubella virus\n5.\nRoseola infantum\ne.\nRubeola virus\nI.\nI.\nMatch the clinical presentation in Column A with the condition in Column\nMatch the clinical presentation in Column A with the condition in Column\nB.\nB.\nName:\nName:\nScore:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nLEARNING OBJECTIVE\nAt the end of the laboratory period, the student should be able to develop the\nskills\nin analyzing cases related to selected systemic infections.\nA."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p79-c0-t
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 79, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "d.\nIt may present with morbilliform rash.\n4.\nThe vector of this infection is characterized by which of the following?\na.\nLays eggs in clear stagnant water\nb.\nCapable of long-range flights\nc.\nNocturnal biter\nd.\nMale mosquitoes bite\n5.\nWhat\nare\nthe\ncomponents\nhemorrhagic fever?\nof\nWHO's\ndefinition\nof\ndengue\na.\nFever\nc.\nThrombocytopenia\nb.\nBleeding\nd.\na, b, and c\nB.\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided.\n1.\nWhich of the following is an arthropod-borne infection?\na.\nChikungunya\nc.\nQ fever\nb.\nInfectious mononucleosis\nd.\nLeptospirosis\n2.\nWhich\nof\nthe\nfollowing\nheterophile antibodies?\nproduces\natypical\nlymphocytes\nand\na.\nCytomegalovirus\nc.\nEpstein-Barr Virus\nb.\nLeptospira interrogans\nd.\nBorrelia burgdorferi\n3.\nCamel back pattern of fever is a manifestation of which of the\nfollowing infections?\na.\nLeptospirosis\nc.\nLyme disease\nb.\nDengue fever\nd.\nInfectious\nmononucleosis\n4.\nHow can you prevent arthropod-borne infections?\na."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p73-c1-t
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 73, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "b.\nStaphylococcus aureus\nd.\nEnterococcus faecalis\n3.\nof renal stones?\nWhich of the following organisms is\nassociated with the development\na.\nSerratia marcescens\nc.\nProteus mirabilis\nb.\nStaphylococcus saprophyticus\nd.\nEscherichia coli\n4.\npigment known as prodigiosin?\nWhich of the following organisms\nproduces red colonies due to a\na.\nPseudomonas aeruginosa\nc.\nCandida albicans\nb.\nSerratia marcescens\nd.\nProteus mirabilis\n5.\nurethritis?\nWhich of the following is a common\ncause of non-gonococcal\na.\nNeisseria gonorrhoeae\nc.\nStaphylococcus saprophyticus\nb.\nChlamydia trachomatis\nd.\nEscherichia coli\nColumn\nColumn\nA\nA\nColumn B\nColumn B\n1.\nGummas\na.\nPrimary syphilis\n2.\nChancre\nb.\nSecondary syphilis"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p75-c1-t
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 75, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 74, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p80-c0-t
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 80, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "d.\nAll of the above\n3.\n3.\nWhich of the following is correct regarding this case?\nWhich of the following is correct regarding this case?\nd.\nd.\nmigrans.\nmigrans.\nColumn A\nColumn B\n1.\nChikungunya\na.\nTick\n2.\nScrub typhus\nb.\nMosquito\n3.\nDengue fever\nc.\nLouse\n4.\nInfectious mononucleosis\nd.\nFlea\n5.\nRelapsing fever\ne.\nMite\n6.\nRocky Mountain spotted\nfever\nf.\nNone of the above\n7.\nZika\n8.\nQ fever\n9.\nLyme disease\n10.\nLeptospirosis\nc.\nrespective insect vectors in\nColumn B.\nThe severe infection is called Weil-Felix disease.\nIt presents with skin lesion known as erythema chronicum\nMATCHING TYPE: Match the following diseases in Column A\nwith their\nA\nA\nAlkylating agents, 87-88\nAlkylating agents, 87-88\nAbortive poliomyelitis, 395\nAllergic phenomena, 157\nAcanthamoeba, 182-184\nAllergic reaction, 118\nAcetylated sugar, 117\nAlpha hemolysis, 14\nAcidophiles, 46\nAmantadine, 299\nAcquired Immunodeficiency\nSyndrome\nAmoebiasis, 174-176\n(AIDS), 357-359\nAnaerobes, 5, 45\nActinomycetes, 282, 319\nAnaerobic media, 15-16"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p76-c1-t
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 76, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Column B\n1.\n2.\nHighly infectious\nComplete sensory loss\na.\nTuberculoid leprosy\nb.\nLepromatous leprosy\n3.\nPresent with\nhypopigmented\nlesions\nc.\nBoth a and b\nd.\nNeither a nor b\n4.\n5.\nLeonine facies\nNegative lepromin test\nII.\nMatch each of the items in column A with the causative agent in column B.\nColumn A\nColumn B\n1.\nTransmitted by bite of ticks\na.\nClostridium botulinum\n2.\nTrismus and risus\nsardonicus\nb.\nChlamydia trachomatis\n3.\nAssociated with\nunpasteurized honey\nc.\nHaemophilus ducreyi\nd.\nListeria monocytogenes\ne.\nJapanese B encephalitis\n4.\n5.\nInhalation of spores from\npigeon droppings\nOphthalmia neonatorum\nvirus\nf.\nNeisseria meningitidis\ng.\nCryptococcus neoformans\n6.\n7.\nCold-loving bacteria\nWaterhouse-Friderichsen\nsyndrome\nh.\nAdenovirus\ni.\nNeisseria gonorrhoeae\n8.\nSwimming pool\nconjunctivitis\nj.\nClostridium tetani"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p77-c1-t
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 77, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "a.\nMeasles\nc.\nRubella\nb.\nRoseola infantum\nd.\nChickenpox\n6.\nWhich of the following exanthems present with vesicular lesions?\na.\nFifth disease\nc.\nSmallpox\nI.\nI.\nMatch the clinical presentation in Column A with the condition in Column\nMatch the clinical presentation in Column A with the condition in Column\nB.\nB.\nColumn A\nColumn B\n1.\nForscheimer spots\na.\nMeasles\n2.\n\"Slapped cheek\" appearance\nb.\nFifth disease"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
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encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 78, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Score:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nLEARNING OBJECTIVE\nAt the end of the laboratory period, the student should be able to develop the\nskills\nin analyzing cases related to selected systemic infections.\nA.\nCASE ANALYSIS. Read and analyze the case study, then answer the following\nquestions. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided.\nCase: A 7-year-old boy was brought to the emergency room because of nose\nbleeding (epistaxis) and vomiting of blood (hematemesis). The patient was\napparently well until 7 days prior to admission when the patient developed\nmoderate- to high-grade fever, headache, and muscle pains over the lower\nextremities. Two days prior to admission, maculopapular rashes were noted\nover the trunk and extremities. Few minutes prior to admission, the patient had\n3.\n3.\nWhich of the following is correct regarding this case?\nWhich of the following is correct regarding this case?\na.\nIt is caused by a DNA virus.\nb.\nThe vector is Aedes aegypti.\nc."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p79-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 79, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "following infections?\na.\nLeptospirosis\nc.\nLyme disease\nb.\nDengue fever\nd.\nInfectious\nmononucleosis\n4.\nHow can you prevent arthropod-borne infections?\na.\nDestroy breeding places of insects .\nb.\nWear thick clothing.\nc.\nApply insect repellants.\n3.\n3.\nWhich of the following is correct regarding this case?\nWhich of the following is correct regarding this case?"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p81-c0-t
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metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 81, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Adenovirus, 24, 293\ngastrointestinal, 278, 343\nAdhesins, 143, 276\npulmonary, 278, 312\nAedes aegypti, 417-418\nAnthropophilic, 280\nAedes albopictus, 420\nAntibiotic-associated pseudomembranous\nAerobes, 5, 45\ncolitis, 343\nAfrican Sleeping Sickness, 193\u2013194\nAntibiotics, 93\nAIDS\nclassification of, 94-96\nSee Acquired Immunodeficiency\nAntibodies, 113\nSyndrome\nstructure of, 113\nAirborne transmission, 141\nAntibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity,\nAlcohols, 86\n120\nAlgae, 25\nAntibody-mediated hypersensitivity,\nAlkalophiles, 46\n120-123\nA\nA\nAlkylating agents, 87-88\nAlkylating agents, 87-88\nC\nC\nCMV\nCMV\nCalcium dipicolinate, 37\nSee Cytomegalovirus\nCandida albicans, 320, 349\nCoccidiodes immitis, 387\nCapillaria philippinensis, 258-261\nColitis, 317\nCapnophiles, 45\nCommensalism, 135, 153\nCarbuncle, 273\nCommunicable disease, 145\nCell wall, 24, 25, 32\nComplement system, 116\nCell-mediated immunity, 116\npathways, 116-117\nCellulitis, 275\nCondyloma acuminatum, 283\nCentral lymphoid organs, 105"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p80-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 80, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Alpha hemolysis, 14\nAcidophiles, 46\nAmantadine, 299\nAcquired Immunodeficiency\nSyndrome\nAmoebiasis, 174-176\n(AIDS), 357-359\nAnaerobes, 5, 45\nActinomycetes, 282, 319\nAnaerobic media, 15-16\nAcute bacterial meningitis, 384\nAnaphylactic hypersensitivity, 115,\nAcute bacterial pneumonia, 302\n118-120\nAcute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis,\nAncylostoma duodenale, 252-254\n320\nAngiotensin-converting enzyme 2\nAcute serum sickness, 124\n(ACE 2), 292\nAcute viral aseptic meningitis, 388-389\nAnimalcules, 5\nSee Encephalitis\nAnthrax, forms of, 278\nAcyclovir, 285, 356, 410\ncutaneous, 278"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p74-c3-t
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metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 74, "chunk_number": 3, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p75-c2-t
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metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 75, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p83-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 83, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Dermatophytes, 280\nEchinococcus granulosus, 219-221\nDessication, 82\nEctoparasites, 154\nDiarrhea, 326-327\nEfflux pump, 98\ninvasive, 326\nEhrlich, Paul, 5\nnon-invasive, 326\nEhrlichia chaffeensis, 428\nDiatoms, 26\nEhrlichia sennetsu, 428\nDifferential media, 15\nEhrlichiosis, 425\nDigenea, 225\nELISA\nDinoflagellate, 26\nSee Enzyme-linked immunosorbent\nDiphtheria, 299-300\nassay\nDiphtheria/Tetanus toxoid and\nacellular\nEncephalitis, 383, 388\npertussis (DTaP) vaccine, 300\nEncephalomyelitis, 383\nDiphtheria toxin, 144, 299\nEncystation, 171\nDiphyllobothriasis, 216-217\nEndemic typhus, 425, 427\nDiphyllobothrium latum, 215\u2013217\nEndoflagella, 35\nDiplococci, 31\nEndogenous, 145\nDiscrete erythematous, 393\nEndoparasites, 154\nDisinfection, 68\nEndospores, 37\nDorner stain, 278\nEndotoxins, 143\nD\nD\nDowney cells, 422\nDowney cells, 422\nEnrichment media, 14\nEnrichment media, 14\nEumycotic mycetoma, 282\nEumycotic mycetoma, 282\nEntamoeba histolytica, 172\nExanthems, 403\nEnteric fever, 337\nExcystation, 171"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p82-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 82, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Chikungunya, 420\nCryptococcus gatti, 387\nChlamydia trachomatis, 353, 376\nCryptococcus neoformans, 141, 387\nChocolate agar, 14\nCulture media, 13\u201316\nCholera, 341\nclassification according to chemical\nChromoblastomycosis, 281\ncomposition, 13\nChronic bronchitis, 301\nclassification according to\nfunctional\nChronic disease, 146\ntype, 14\u201316\nclassification according to physical\nClostridium difficile, 342-343\nClostridium perfringens, 277, 331,\n342\nClostridium tetani, 389\nClassical dengue fever, 418\nClindamycin, 96\nClostridium botulinum, 391\nstate, 13\nCutaneous mycoses, 280-281\nCysticercosis, 214\nCystitis, 368\nCytomegalovirus (CMV), 423\nCytomegalovirus infection, 423-424\nCytotoxins, 143, 332\nC\nC\nCMV\nCMV\nD\nD\nDowney cells, 422\nDowney cells, 422\nDeath phase, 47\nDrug modification, 97\nAlso decline phase\nDrug resistance, mechanisms of, 97-\n99\nDecontamination, 64\nacquired, 97\nDefinitive hosts, 155\nintrinsic, 97\nDelta hepatitis, 320\nDry heat, methods of, 80-82\nDelta virus\nDTaP\nSee Hepatitis D virus"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p78-c2-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 78, "chunk_number": 2, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "3.\n3.\nWhich of the following is correct regarding this case?\nWhich of the following is correct regarding this case?\na.\nIt is caused by a DNA virus.\nb.\nThe vector is Aedes aegypti.\nc.\nIt is characterized by atypical lymphocytes."}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:42
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p84-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 84, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "assay\nFasciolopsiasis, 237\n(ELISA), 359\nFasciolopsis buski, 236-237\nEosinophils, 107\nFifth disease\nEpidemic typhus, 425\nSee Erythema infectiosum\nEpidermophyton, 280\nFilariasis, 262-264\nEpiglottitis, 306\nFiltration, 82\nEpitope, 104\nFimbriae\nEpstein-Barr virus (EBV), 422\nSee Pili\nErratic parasites, 155\nFitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome, 352\nErysipelas, 275\nFlaccid paralysis, 391, 395\nErythema infectiosum, 408\nFlagella, classiffication of, 35\nErythrogenic toxin, 295\nFlavivirus, 398\nEschar, 272, 427\nFleming, Alexander, 5\nEscherichia coli, 334-336\nFlora, 53\nenteroaggregative/adherent E. coli\nFlukes, 225\n(EAEC), 335\nFluorescent Treponemal\nAntibody\nenteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), 335\nAbsorption (FTA-ABS), 351\nenteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), 335\nFocal infection, 146\nenterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), 335\nFolliculitis, 273\nShiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC),\n336\nFomites, 70, 284\nEukaryotes, 21\nFood-borne botulism, 391\nEnrichment media, 14\nEnrichment media, 14\nEumycotic mycetoma, 282"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:43
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p85-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 85, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Hepatitis E Virus (HEV), 324\nHuman papillomavirus (HPV), 282, 357\nHepatitis G Virus (HGV/GB virus C), 325\nHumoral immunity, 113\nHerman's sign, 418\nHydatid cyst, 219\nHerpes gladiatorum, 284\nHydatidosis, 221\nHerpes labialis (fever blister or cold sore),\nHydrophobia, 396\n284\nHymenolepiasis, 218\nHerpes simplex infections, 284\nHymenolepis nana, 217\u2013219\nHerpes simplex virus (HSV), 284, 355,\n379\nHypersensitivity reactions, 118-128\nHerpes zoster, 411\nHerpetic whitlow, 284\nI\nHeterotrophs, 44\nIatrogenic infection, 64\nHEV\nImmune complex-mediated\nSee Hepatitis E virus\nhypersensitivity, 123\u2013124\nHGV\nImmune response, 112\nSee Hepatitis G virus\nImmune system, 105\nHigly active anti-retroviral treatment\nImmunity, 109\u2013111, 113, 116\n(HAART), 359\nadaptive, 111\nHistoplasma capsulatum, 140, 387\ncell-mediated, 116\nHIV\nhumoral, 113\nSee Human immunodeficiency virus\ninnate, 109\u2013110\nHooke, Robert, 5\nImmunization, 127\nHookworm infection, 253-254\ntypes of, 127\nHordeolum, 273\nImmunoassay, 301\nImmunofluorescence, 301"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:43
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p75-c3-t
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 75, "chunk_number": 3, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:43
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p81-c1-t
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metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 81, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Communicable disease, 145\nCell wall, 24, 25, 32\nComplement system, 116\nCell-mediated immunity, 116\npathways, 116-117\nCellulitis, 275\nCondyloma acuminatum, 283\nCentral lymphoid organs, 105\nCondyloma latum, 350\nCentral nervous system, 384\nCondylomata acuminata, 357\nCervical cancer, 357\nConjugation, 35, 97\nCestodes, 209-221\nConjunctivitis, 375-379\nextra-intestinal, 219-221\nContagious disease, 145\nintestinal, 210-219\nContamination, 64, 135\nChagas disease, 191-192\nCoronavirus, 291\nChancre, 193, 349\nCorynebacterium diphtheriae, 299\nChancroid, 349, 354\nCOVID-19, 292\nChemical disinfectants\nCoxiella burnetti, 427\nclassification of, 85\nCroup, 296\nChickenpox, 409-410\nCryptococcal meningitis, 388"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:43
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p84-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 84, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Folliculitis, 273\nShiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC),\n336\nFomites, 70, 284\nEukaryotes, 21\nFood-borne botulism, 391\nEnrichment media, 14\nEnrichment media, 14\nEumycotic mycetoma, 282\nEumycotic mycetoma, 282\nHemolytic reactions, 14\nHemolytic reactions, 14\nHortaea werneckii, 279\nHortaea werneckii, 279\nHemolytic-uremic syndrome, 334, 335\nHost, 142\nHemorrhagic colitis, 336\nHot air oven, 81\nHemorrhagic cystitis, 294\nHPV\nHenipavirus, 431\nSee Human papillomavirus\nHeparnavirus, 322\nHSV\nHepadnavirus, 323\nSee Herpes simplex virus\nHepatitis, 317, 322-325\nHuman diploid cell vaccine (HDCV), 397\nHepatitis A Virus (HAV), 322-323\nHuman herpes virus, 407\nHepatitis B Virus (HBV), 323\nHuman Herpesviridae, 284, 355\nHepatitis C Virus (HCV), 323-324\nHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV),\nHepatitis D Virus (HDV/Delta Virus), 324\n357, 358"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:43
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p83-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 83, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Downey cells, 422\nEnrichment media, 14\nEnrichment media, 14\nEumycotic mycetoma, 282\nEumycotic mycetoma, 282\nEntamoeba histolytica, 172\nExanthems, 403\nEnteric fever, 337\nExcystation, 171\nEnteric hepatitis, 324\nExfoliative toxin, 273\nEnteric viruses, 327\nExogenous, 145\nEnteritis necroticans, 342\nExotoxins, 150\nEnteritis, 317\nEye infections, 375-379\nEnterobiasis, 248-249\nbacterial, 376-377\nEnterobius vermicularis, 246-249\nviral, 378-379\nEnterococcus faecalis, 367\nEnterococcus, 65, 66\nF\nEnterocolitis, 337\nFacultative organisms, 45\nEnterotest, 178, 233\nFacultative parasites, 154\nEnterotoxin, 329\nFascioliasis, 233\nEnzyme-linked immunosorbent"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:43
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p82-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 82, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Drug resistance, mechanisms of, 97-\n99\nDecontamination, 64\nacquired, 97\nDefinitive hosts, 155\nintrinsic, 97\nDelta hepatitis, 320\nDry heat, methods of, 80-82\nDelta virus\nDTaP\nSee Hepatitis D virus\nSee Diphtheria/Tetanus toxoid and\nDenaturing agents, 324\nacellular pertussis vaccine\nDengue fever, 417-419\nDysentery, 317\nDengue hemorrhagic fever, 418\nDyspnea, 300\nDengue shock syndrome\nSee Dengue hemorrhagic fever\nE\nDengvaxia vaccine, 419\nEarly congenital syphilis, 350\nDental calculus, 319\nEBV\nDental caries, 319\nSee Epstein-Barr virus\nDental plaques, 319\nEchinococcosis, 221"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:43
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p86-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 86, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Incubation period, 147\nKanagawa hemolysin, 331\nIndigenous flora, 4\nKeratitis, 183\nInfant botulism, 391\nKinyoun stain, 12\nInfection, 136, 138\u2013142\nKlebsiella pneumoniae, 307\nclassification of, 145\nKlebsiella, 296\ncontrol of, 63\nKoch, Robert, 5, 136\nfactors of, 138\u2013142\nKoch's postulates, 5, 136\u2013138\nmodes of transmission, 140\u2013141\nKoplik's spots, 404\nportal of exit, 140\nInfectious diseases, 4\nL\nclassification of, 145\u2013146\nLag phase, 47\nstages of, 147\u2013148\nLarge intestines, 326\u2013343\nInfectious hepatitis, 322\nLate congenital syphilis, 350\nInfectious mononucleosis, 422\u2013\n423\nLatent disease, 146\nInfective stage, 171\nLatent syphilis, 350\nInfestation, 154\nLeeuwenhoek, Anton van, 5\nInfluenza, 297\u2013299\nLegionella pneumophila, 307\u2013308\nantigens of, 297\nLegionnaire's disease, 308\nimmunologic types of, 297\nLeishmania braziliensis complex, 188\u2013\n189\nInfluenza A, 297\nLeishmania donovani complex, 186\u2013188\nInfluenza B, 297\nLeishmania tropica complex, 189\u2013190\nInfluenza C, 297\nLeprosy, 392\u2013394\nInfrared rays, 82"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:43
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
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created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:43
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 87, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Obligate parasites, 154\nPAS Stain\nOccupational exposure, 64\nSee Periodic acid-Schiff stain\nOnychomycosis, 280\nPasteur, Louis, 5\nOpen flame, 81\nPasteurization, 5, 78\u201379\nOphthalmiam neonatorum, 352,\n377\nPathogen-associated molecular\npatterns,\nOpisthotonus, 390\n110\nOral thrush, 320\nPathogenesis, 157\nOrganotrophs, 44\nPathogenic stage, 171\nOrientia tsutsugamushi, 427\nPathogenicity, 136\nOrnithodorus, 431\nPediculosis pubis, 360\nOropharyngeal tuberculosis, 343\nPediculus humanus, 431\nPenicillium notatum, 5\nOrthomyxoviridae, 297\nPeptidoglycan, 24, 32\nOseltamivir, 299\nPeriodic acid\u2013Schiff (PAS) stain, 279\nOsmophiles, 46\nPeriodontal disease, 319\u2013320\nOsmotic pressure, 83\nPeriodontitis, 320\nOsteochondritis, 276\nPerioral erythema, 273\nOtalgia, 296\nPeripheral lymphoid organs, 105\nOtitis externa, 296\nPermanent parasites, 154\nOtitis media, 296\nPersonal protective equipment (PPE), 64,\nOtorrhea, 296\n67\u201369\nPertussis, 309\u2013310\nP\nstages of, 309\nPapules, 271, 403\ncatarrhal, 309\nParagonimiasis, 235\u2013236"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:43
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p88-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 88, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Plasmodium spp., 195\u2013201\nPyemia, 136\nPlatelets, 107\nPyoderma, 274\nPlatyhelminthes, 209\nPyogenic, 273\nPneumococci, 304\nPneumocystis jirovecii, 359\nQ\nPneumonia, 298, 302\u2013305, 405\nQ Fever, 425\nclassifications of, 302\natypical, 302\nR\ntypical, 302\nRabies, 395\u2013398\nPoliomyelitis, 394\u2013395\nRadiation, 82\u201383\nPoliovirus, 394\nRashes, 349\nPollution, 136\nRed flame, 80\u201381\nPolyarthritis, 408\nRegan-Lowe charcoal medium, 309\nPontiac fever, 308\nRelapsing fever, 430\u2013431\nPost-herpetic neuralgia, 411\nReservoir hosts, 155\nPost-poliomyelitis syndrome, 395\nRetrovirus, 357\nPPE\nReverse isolation, 71\nSee Personal protective equipment\nReverse transcriptase, 357\nPrevotella intermedia, 320\nReye's syndrome, 299\nPrimary amoebic meningoencephalitis,\nRhinoviruses, 291\n184\nRibavirin, 302\nPrimary infection, 146\nRibosomes, 36\nPrimary syphilis, 350\nRickettsia akari, 427\nProdromal period, 147\nRickettsia prowazekii, 427\nProglottids, 210\nRickettsia rickettsii, 426\nProkaryotes, 3, 21\nRickettsia tsutsugamushi, 427"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:43
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p85-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 85, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "HIV\nhumoral, 113\nSee Human immunodeficiency virus\ninnate, 109\u2013110\nHooke, Robert, 5\nImmunization, 127\nHookworm infection, 253-254\ntypes of, 127\nHordeolum, 273\nImmunoassay, 301\nImmunofluorescence, 301\nHemolytic reactions, 14\nHemolytic reactions, 14\nHortaea werneckii, 279\nHortaea werneckii, 279\nImmunogen, 104\nImmunogen, 104\nInterstitial pneumonia, 302\nInterstitial pneumonia, 302\nImmunoglobulins, 113\u2013115\nIntestinal capillariasis, 260\nclasses of, 114\u2013115\nIsolation, 70\nImmunologic, 144\u2013145\nIxodes, 430\nImmunology, 3, 104\nImmunopathology, 158\nJ\nImpetigo, 273\u2013274\nJapanese B Encephalitis, 398\u2013399\nIncidental parasites, 154\nJenner, Edward, 5, 127, 411\nIncineration, 81\nInclusion conjunctivitis, 377\nK"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:43
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p89-c0-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 89, "chunk_number": 0, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Rotavirus, 328\nspecies of, 339\nRPR\nShigellae, 339\nSee Rapid plasma reagin\nSIDS\nRSV\nSee Sudden infant death syndrome\nSee Respiratory syncytial virus\nSignificant bacteriuria, 369\nRapid plasma reagin (RPR), 351\nSinusitis, 295\u2013296\nRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV),\n301\nSkin infections, 272\u2013285\nRubella, 405\u2013407\ntypes of, 272\u2013285\nRubivirus, 406\nbacterial, 272\u2013278\nRuska, Ernst, 10\nfungal, 279\u2013282\nviral, 282\u2013285\nS\nSkin lesions, 271\u2013272\nSabouraud dextrose agar, 15\nSmall intestines, 326\u2013343\nSalmonella, 143, 336\u2013339\nSound waves, 83\ncategories of, 336\nSpanish flu, 297\nSalmonellae, 336\nSpastic paralysis, 390\nSaprophytes, 4\nSporadic disease, 145\nSARS\nSporothrix schenckii, 281\nSee Severe Acute Respiratory\nSporotrichosis, 281\nSyndrome\nSpotted fever group, 425\nScarlet fever, 295\nSSPE\nSchistosomiasis, 228\u2013229\nSee Subacute sclerosing\nScrofula, 311\npanencephalitis\nScrub typhus, 427\nStaining, 10\u201312\nSecondary syphilis, 350\nStaphylococcal scalded skin syndrome,\nSelective media, 15\n273\nSepsis, 65"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:43
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p74-c5-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 74, "chunk_number": 5, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of th\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of th\nGI YUL\nGI YUL\nNan\nne:\nScore:\nSect\ntion:\nDate:\nLEARNING\n(\nOBJECTIVE\n* =\nld be able to\ndevelop the\nskills central\nnervous\nsystem (CNS).\n\u0391.\nGIS. Read\nand\nanalyze\nthe letter\nof the\ncorrect\nies, then\nanswer the\nfollowing\nne space\nprovided.\n5\nright leg by a\nstray dog on\nhis\norking as an\nemergency"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:43
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p75-c4-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 75, "chunk_number": 4, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:43
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p86-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 86, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "189\nInfluenza A, 297\nLeishmania donovani complex, 186\u2013188\nInfluenza B, 297\nLeishmania tropica complex, 189\u2013190\nInfluenza C, 297\nLeprosy, 392\u2013394\nInfrared rays, 82\nInspissation, 79\ntwo forms of, 393\nIntermediate hosts, 155\nlepromatous, 393\nIntermittent parasites, 154\ntuberculoid, 393\nImmunogen, 104\nImmunogen, 104\nInterstitial pneumonia, 302\nInterstitial pneumonia, 302\nNorwalk virus, 328\nNorwalk virus, 328\nParamyxoviridae, 296, 301, 320, 431\nParamyxoviridae, 296, 301, 320, 431\nNosocomial, 145\nParasites, 154\u2013155\nNosocomial infections, 276\nParasitic infections, 163\u2013165\nNosocomial pneumonia, 302, 308\nParasitism, 136, 154\u2013155\nNucleoid, 36\nParasitology, 3\nParatenic hosts, 155\nO\nParenteral hepatitis, 323"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:43
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p88-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 88, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Ribosomes, 36\nPrimary syphilis, 350\nRickettsia akari, 427\nProdromal period, 147\nRickettsia prowazekii, 427\nProglottids, 210\nRickettsia rickettsii, 426\nProkaryotes, 3, 21\nRickettsia tsutsugamushi, 427\nProteus mirabilis, 366\u2013367\nRickettsia typhi, 427\nProteus vulgaris, 296\nRickettsialpox, 427\nProtozoa, 25, 172\u2013204\nRingworm, 280\ncharacteristics of, 172\nRisus sardonicus, 390\nPseudohyphae, 320\nRitter's disease, 273\nPseudomembrane, 300\nRocky Mountain Spotted Fever, 425\nPhycology, 3\nPhycology, 3\nPseudomonas aeruginosa, 276,\nPseudomonas aeruginosa, 276,\n308\n308\nRohrer, Heinrich, 10\nRohrer, Heinrich, 10\nSexually transmitted infections, 348\u2013360\nSexually transmitted infections, 348\u2013360\nRoseola infantum, 407\u2013408\nShigella, 143, 339"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:44
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p87-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 87, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "Permanent parasites, 154\nOtitis media, 296\nPersonal protective equipment (PPE), 64,\nOtorrhea, 296\n67\u201369\nPertussis, 309\u2013310\nP\nstages of, 309\nPapules, 271, 403\ncatarrhal, 309\nParagonimiasis, 235\u2013236\nconvalescent, 309\nParagonimus westermani, 234\u2013236\nparoxysmal, 309\nParainfluenza, 294, 296\u2013297\nPharyngitis, 294\nParalytic poliomyelitis, 390\nPharyngoconjunctival fever, 293\nParalytic shellfish poisoning, 26\nPhenolic compounds, 86\nPhthirus pubis, 360\nNorwalk virus, 328\nNorwalk virus, 328\nParamyxoviridae, 296, 301, 320, 431\nParamyxoviridae, 296, 301, 320, 431\nPhycology, 3\nPhycology, 3\nPseudomonas aeruginosa, 276,\nPseudomonas aeruginosa, 276,\n308\n308\nPili, 35\nPsychrophiles, 45\nPityriasis versicolor, 279\nPustules, 272, 403\nPityrosporum orbiculare, 279\nPyelonephritis, 368"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:44
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p89-c1-t
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 89, "chunk_number": 1, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "See Subacute sclerosing\nScrofula, 311\npanencephalitis\nScrub typhus, 427\nStaining, 10\u201312\nSecondary syphilis, 350\nStaphylococcal scalded skin syndrome,\nSelective media, 15\n273\nSepsis, 65\nStaphylococcus aureus, 272\u2013274, 308,\n330\nSepticemia, 136, 337\nStaphylococcus epidermidis, 274\nSerratia marcescens, 367\nStaphylococcus saprophyticus, 367\nSerratia spp., 367\nStationary phase, 47\u201348\nSerum bath, 79\nSterilization, 64, 77\nSerum hepatitis, 323\nmethods of, 78\u201385\nSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome\nStreptococcal gangrene, 275\nRohrer, Heinrich, 10\nRohrer, Heinrich, 10\nSexually transmitted infections, 348\u2013360\nSexually transmitted infections, 348\u2013360"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:44
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p75-c5-t
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 75, "chunk_number": 5, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nthe second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the second\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nof the second of the second of the second of the second of the second of the\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of th\nsecond of the second of the second of the second of the second of th\nGI YUL\nGI YUL\n4.\n4.\nWhich of the following are possible modes of\nWhich of the following are possible modes of\ntransmission of rabies?\ntransmission of rabies?\na.\nBite of animals\nb.\nInhalation of spores\nc.\nLicking of open skin by rabid animals\nd.\nInhalation of aerosolized virus from pigeon droppings\n5.\nWhich of the following statements is correct about\nrabies?\na.\nNot all patients manifest with hydrophobia.\nb.\nsymptoms.\nIt can be treated successfully even after the appearance of\nc.\nThe initial site of multiplication of rabies virus is the"}


created_at: 2025-10-29 09:00:44
topic: persistent://default/default/64762ef7-c434-491e-a8e5-1221514f36ea
id: f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd-p75-c6-t
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"document_uuid": "f0841d7b-86c6-492b-8d25-544c509e8cbd", "page_number": 75, "chunk_number": 6, "type": "text", "chroma:document": "rabies?\na.\nNot all patients manifest with hydrophobia.\nb.\nsymptoms.\nIt can be treated successfully even after the appearance of\nc.\nThe initial site of multiplication of rabies virus is the\nCNS.\nd.\nAll cold-blooded animals are rabid.\nparalysis but there is no sensory loss.\nCase No. 2: A 6-year-old child was brought to the hospital\nbecause of weakness of\nboth lower extremities. The present condition started as low-\ngrade fever, headache,\nsore throat, nausea, and vomiting. On physical examination,\nthere is flaccid\n1.\nWhat is the most probable diagnosis?\na.\nMeningitis\nc.\nPoliomyelitis\nb.\nEncephalitis\nd.\nMeningococcemia\n2.\nfollowing?\nThe causative organism of this case is characterized by which of\nthe\na.\nA flavivirus\nb.\nTransmitted through bite of a tick"}


# collections

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# embedding_metadata

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      <td>Chapter 21: Infections of the Eyes\n375\nChapter 22: Infections of the Nervous System\n383</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Chapter 23: Viral Exanthems403</td>
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    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Chapter 24: Other Systemic Infections417</td>
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key: chroma:document
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The table presents an organized overview of the chapters related to infections, specifically detailing their titles and corresponding page numbers. It begins with Chapter 21, titled "Infections of the Eyes," which is located on page 375. Following this, the table proceeds to Chapter 22, titled "Infections of the Nervous System," indicated on page 383. This structure clearly allows readers to locate specific topics concerning various infections within the text.

Continuing, Chapter 23 covers "Viral Exanthems" and is noted on page 403, while Chapter 24 addresses "Other Systemic Infections," found on page 417. The concise format of the table effectively communicates essential information without unnecessary complexity, making it easier for readers to find content pertinent to their studies in nursing and microbiology. The table is neatly arranged in a two-column format, ensuring clarity in the presentation of chapter titles alongside their corresponding page numbers.


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      <td>Result if gram\nnegative\nPurple or blue</td>
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      <td>Purple or blue</td>
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The provided content pertains to the classification and testing of bacteria, specifically focusing on their staining characteristics, which are essential in microbiology. The accompanying table appears to summarize the results of gram staining and the typical coloration of bacteria when subjected to this test. Gram-negative bacteria, as indicated in the first row, are characterized by exhibiting a purple or blue coloration when viewed under a microscope, which is denoted by "Result if gram negative: Purple or blue." This observation aligns with the extensive understanding of gram staining, where the essence lies in differentiating bacteria based on their cell wall structure.

The subsequent rows continue to categorize the outcomes of the staining process. The second row confirms that the result for gram-negative bacteria is consistently purple or blue, reinforcing the identification obtained in the first row. Following this, the table lists results for other bacteria, indicating that some may appear colorless, while others might show attributes with shades of red or pink. The significance of these colors lies in the structural draw of bacteria; a purple or blue color indicates the presence of a thick peptidoglycan layer typical of gram-positive organisms, whereas a colorless or pink appearance signifies a thinner layer found in gram-negative species.

Overall, the information contextually provided along with the table reveals key distinctions in staining outcomes, prevalent terminology in microbiology such as 'counterstain' and 'decolorizer,' and provides examples of different organisms' reactions to staining techniques like Ziehl-Neelsen and Kinyoun methods. These details encapsulate how microscopy can be utilized for diverse applications, reinforcing the practical queries posed in the surrounding multiple-choice context regarding microorganisms and their characteristics.


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      <td>Eukaryotic Cell\nEnclosed within a membrane;\nassociated with histones; usually\nlinear</td>
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      <td>Larger (greater than 5 µm)</td>
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      <td>Mostly multicellular</td>
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      <td>With true nucleus enclosed by\nnuclear membrane</td>
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      <td>Complex</td>
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      <td>Mitosis</td>
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      <td>Meiosis</td>
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      <td>Absent</td>
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key: chroma:document
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The provided table outlines key characteristics relevant to eukaryotic cells, highlighting their structural and functional complexities. Eukaryotic cells are distinguished by being enclosed within a membrane, unlike prokaryotic cells, which lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles. This enclosure allows for a more organized structure, with DNA being linear and associated with histones. Their size is generally larger, exceeding 5 micrometers, which is a significant contrast to their prokaryotic counterparts. Additionally, while the context indicates the presence of unicellular and multicellular organisms within the eukaryotic domain, the table emphasizes that eukaryotic cells are predominantly multicellular.

The cellular organization of eukaryotic cells is marked by the presence of a true nucleus, which is enclosed by a nuclear membrane, adding to their structural complexity. Eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis for somatic cell division and meiosis for reproductive purposes, both of which are more intricate processes compared to the binary fission seen in prokaryotes. Furthermore, the table notes the presence and absence of certain features in eukaryotic cells, reflecting the diversity within this domain of life. These cells typically exhibit a complex organization that allows for specialized functions and the development of multicellular organisms, as defined in the accompanying context regarding their ecological roles.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
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      <th></th>
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  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Part II\nChapter 21: Infections of the Eyes\nL...</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 2: The Cell443</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 3: Gram staining\n445</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 4: Acid-fast Staining\n449</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 5: Sterilization and Disinfection453</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 6: Bacterial Structures\n457</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 7: Antimicrobial Susceptibility T...</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 8: Bacteria and Disease465</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 9: Immunology\n469</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 10: Protozoans\n473</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 11: Cestodes477</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 12: Trematodes\n481</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>12</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 13: Nematodes\n485</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>13</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 14: Infections of the Skin489</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>14</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 15: Infections of the Respiratory...</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>15</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 16: Infections of the Gastrointes...</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>16</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 17: UTI and Sexually Transmitted ...</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>17</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 18: Infections of the Eyes and Ce...</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>18</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 19: Viral Exanthems\n509</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>19</th>
      <td>Exercise No. 20: Other Systemic Infections\n513</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>20</th>
      <td>References\n517</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>21</th>
      <td>Index\n525</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>22</th>
      <td>The Authors\nComponent\nFunction\nThis is the ...</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The provided context details various components of a microscope, which is essential for observing specimens in microbiological studies. Understanding how to utilize these components effectively is critical in exercises such as Gram staining and acid-fast staining, both of which are integral techniques in microbiology for distinguishing different types of bacteria based on their cell wall characteristics. The text mentions specific reagents used in these staining processes, including crystal violet, Gram's iodine, acetone or alcohol, and safranin, accompanied by their respective functions and expected results for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

In conjunction with the microscope's functionality, the accompanying table organizes the content related to different exercises or chapters within a larger educational framework, presumably a textbook or laboratory manual. Each entry in the table reflects a specific exercise, such as Exercise No. 2 regarding cell study, Exercise No. 3 about Gram staining, and Exercise No. 4 focusing on acid-fast staining. The exercises are numbered sequentially, indicating a structured educational approach, and exhibit topics that cover a wide range of microbiological concepts including sterilization, disinfection, bacterial structures, and various infectious diseases.

As the learner progresses through the exercises listed in the table, they gain exposure to essential laboratory techniques, each connected to the fundamental principles of microbiology. This structured approach not only reinforces the learners’ understanding but also allows them to connect microscopic observations with theoretical knowledge. The mention of specific chapters, such as those concerning infections of the eyes, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and infections caused by various microorganisms, illustrates the comprehensive nature of the content tailored for nursing and medical contexts. Ultimately, the fusion of practical laboratory skills with theoretical knowledge forms a foundation essential for future professionals in the field of healthcare.


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  <thead>
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      <th></th>
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  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>cytoplasm\nin the endoplasmic reticulum\nFeature\nProkaryotic Cell\nEukaryotic Cell\n70S; found in organelles such as\nmitochondria or chloroplast</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Membrane-bound\nAbsent\nPresent\norganelles</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Extrachromosomal\nPresent\nAbsent\nplasmid</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Duration of cell\nShort (20–60 minutes)\nLong (12–24 hours)\ncycle\nFeatures\nBacteria\nFungi\nCell type\nProkaryotic; unicellular\nCan be both producers and\nRole in ecosystem\ndecomposers\nOptimal pH\nNeutral pH (6.5–7.0)\nCell structures\nNo true nucleus and membrane- bound\norganelles\nMain component\nPeptidoglycan, except in\nChitin\narchaebacteria\nof cell wall\nSterols in cell\nAbsent except in Mycoplasma\nmembrane\nMode of nutrition\nHeterotrophic, chemoautotrophic,\nphotoautotrophic, aerobic, anaerobic,\nfacultative anaerobic\nReproduction\nBinary fission\nFeatures\nAlgae\nPlants\nTaxonomic classification\nKingdom Protista\nKingdom Plantae\nUnicellular, multicellular, or\nCellular structure\nMulticellular\ncolony-forming\nPhotosynthetic\nYes\nYes\nEnergy source\nCarbon dioxide\nCarbon dioxide\nStorage form of energy\nStarch\nStarch\nVascular system*\nAbsent\nPresent\nHabitat\nMostly water\nMostly rooted to the ground\nComposed of roots, stems,\nand\nNo\nYes\nleaves\nMethod of reproduction\nBoth asexual and sexual\nSexual (complex)\nName:\nSection:</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The provided table contrasts key features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, specifically focusing on characteristics associated with bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants. It begins by highlighting differences in structures and functions related to cytoplasm and organelles. For instance, prokaryotic cells contain 70S ribosomes found in organelles like mitochondria or chloroplasts, while eukaryotic cells possess membrane-bound organelles, which are absent in prokaryotes. The presence or absence of extrachromosomal plasmids is another defining feature, showing that plasmids are present in prokaryotic cells but absent in eukaryotic cells.

Further, the table dives deeper into the duration of the cell cycle, indicating that bacteria typically have a short cell cycle of 20 to 60 minutes, while fungi have a much longer cycle, spanning 12 to 24 hours. It highlights the cellular structures of both cell types, noting that prokaryotic cells do not possess a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have these structures. The main components of cell walls are also discussed, with peptidoglycan being the characteristic of bacteria and chitin being the main component in fungi.

In terms of ecological roles, bacteria are identified as heterotrophic, chemoautotrophic, photoautotrophic, and flexible in their oxygen requirements (aerobic, anaerobic, or facultative anaerobic), whereas algae and plants occupy the kingdom Protista and Plantae, respectively. Algae can be unicellular, multicellular, or colony-forming, and both algae and plants are photosynthetic, utilizing carbon dioxide as an energy source. Storage forms of energy in both groups are identified as starch, with plants having a vascular system that is absent in algae, which predominantly thrive in aquatic environments, while plants are typically rooted to the ground. The table concludes by noting the diverse methods of reproduction, indicating that both algae and plants can reproduce both asexually and sexually, whereas the latter tends to have a more complex sexual reproduction process.


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<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Which among the following classes of culture media is classified as\nSabouraud dextrose agar</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>MacConkey agar</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Which among the following reagents used in Gram staining is used as a</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>95% alcohol</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Safranin</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>You cultured an organism using blood agar, and after 24 hours you noted\na greenish zone of hemolysis around the colonies. This is classified as\nwhat</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>Delta hemolysis</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Gamma hemolysis</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>Which among the following reagents is used as the counterstain in the</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>Malachite green</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td>Methylene blue</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The provided table appears to present several questions and answer choices related to microbiology, particularly involving different culture media and staining reagents. The first entry in the table asks about the classification of "Sabouraud dextrose agar," which is a selective culture medium commonly used for isolating fungi, particularly yeasts and molds. Following this, the table lists "MacConkey agar" as a related culture medium, which is primarily used to differentiate Gram-negative bacteria based on their lactose fermentation ability.

In addition to questions about culture media, the table includes queries regarding the Gram staining process, a pivotal technique in microbiology for classifying bacteria. It inquires about the reagent used, specifically mentioning "95% alcohol," which serves as a decolorizer during the staining process. The subsequent row features "Safranin," a counterstain that is employed to stain gram-negative bacteria after decolorization.

Furthermore, the table addresses hemolysis observed on blood agar, where the description notes a greenish zone surrounding the colonies after 24 hours of culture, indicating alpha hemolysis. This observation is correlated with the provided options, including "Delta hemolysis" and "Gamma hemolysis," which classify the type of hemolytic activity by bacteria. Finally, it concludes with a question on counterstaining reagents, including "Malachite green" and "Methylene blue," further emphasizing the relevance of these substances in microscopic analysis and bacterial identification. Overall, the table encapsulates key concepts in microbiology, offering insights into the classification of media and differentiation techniques used in the field.


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<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
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      <th>1</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Ocular lens or eyepiece\nviewer looks to see the specimen.\nComponent\nFunction\nRevolving nose piece\nLocated above the stage, it holds the objective lenses.</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>It is used to change focus on one eyepiece in order to correct any\nDiopter adjustment\ndifference\nin vision between the two eyes.</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Body tube or head\nIt connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses.</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Arm\nIt connects the body tube to the base of the microscope.</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Coarse adjustment\nIt brings the specimen into general focus.</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Fine adjustment\nIt fine-tunes the focus and increases the details of the specimen.</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>This is held in place above the stage by the revolving nosepiece and are the\nObjective lenses\nlenses that are closest to the specimen. It contains three to five objectives\nranging in power from 4X to 100X.</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Located beneath the revolving nosepiece, it is the flat platform on which\nStage\nthe\nspecimen is placed.</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>Stage clips\nSituated above the stage, these are metal clips that hold the slide in place.</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>Found beneath the stage, these knobs move the stage either left or right or\nStage control\nforward and backward.</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td>This is the hole in the middle of the stage that allows light from the\nAperture\nilluminator to reach the slide containing the specimen.</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td>This is the switch located at the base of the microscope that turns the\nOn/off switch\nilluminator on or off.</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>12</th>
      <td>Illuminator\nThis is the light source of the microscope.</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>13</th>
      <td>Found on the condenser, it is used to adjust the amount of light coming\nIris diaphragm\nthrough the condenser.</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>14</th>
      <td>It is found beneath the stage and contains a lens system that focuses light\nCondenser\nonto the specimen. It gathers and focuses light onto the specimen.</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>15</th>
      <td>Base\nIt supports the microscope and it is where the illuminator is found.</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>16</th>
      <td>Table\nReagents used in Gram-staining and expected\n1.21.2\nresults</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>17</th>
      <td>Result if gram\nResult if gram\nReagent\nFunction\npositive\nnegative\nCrystal violet\nPrimary stain\nPurple or blue\nPurple or blue</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>18</th>
      <td>Gram's iodine\nMordant*\nPurple or blue\nPurple or blue</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>19</th>
      <td>Acetone or 95%\nDecolorizer\nPurple or blue\nColorless\nalcohol</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>20</th>
      <td>Counterstain or\nSafranin\nPurple or blue\nRed or pink\nsecondary stain</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>21</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>22</th>
      <td>Table\nReagents used in acid-fast staining and the expected\n1.31.3\nresults\n-----------\n--------------------------------------------------------------\nReagent\nResult</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The table presents a comprehensive overview of various components and functions of a microscope, detailing integral parts that enable observation of specimens. Each row of the table provides a distinct component of the microscope, its function, and additional information relevant to its role in microscopy. For example, the ocular lens or eyepiece allows the viewer to observe the specimen, while the revolving nosepiece holds the objective lenses situated above the stage. Additionally, components such as the coarse adjustment and fine adjustment knobs are responsible for bringing the specimen into general focus and fine-tuning the details, respectively.

Furthermore, the table includes essential features like the stage, where the specimen is placed, and stage clips that hold the slides in position during observation. The stage control knobs enable movement of the stage to enhance specimen viewing, while the aperture ensures that light from the illuminator reaches the slide effectively. Other components such as the iris diaphragm and condenser help regulate and focus light, improving image clarity. The base provides stability to the microscope and houses the light source. Together, these components interact to facilitate a detailed examination of microscopic specimens.

Additionally, the table transitions into reagents used in Gram staining and acid-fast staining procedures. Each reagent is listed with its respective function and the expected results when examining gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. For instance, Crystal Violet serves as a primary stain and results in a purple or blue coloration for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Gram's iodine acts as a mordant, preserving the primary stain, while acetone or alcohol functions as a decolorizer, differentiating between the two types of organisms. The inclusion of the counterstain, Safranin, illustrates the contrasting colors produced, with gram-positive organisms retaining the initial stain's color and gram-negative organisms turning red or pink. This section of the table underscores the practical applications of microscopy in identifying and classifying different organisms based on staining characteristics.


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  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Stage control\nObjective lenses\nName:\nScore:\nb.\nd.\nCoarse adjustment\nFine adjustment\n7.7.\ndifferential media?\nWhich among the following classes of culture media is classified as\na.\nc.\nSabouraud dextrose agar\nThayer-Martin agar\nb.\nd.\nMacConkey agar\nLöwenstein-Jensen agar\n8.\ncounterstain?\nWhich among the following reagents used in Gram staining is used as a\na.\nc.\n95% alcohol\nCrystal violet\nb.\nd.\nSafranin\nGram's iodine\nYou cultured an organism using blood agar, and after 24 hours you noted\n9.\ntype of hemolytic reaction?\na greenish zone of hemolysis around the colonies. This is classified as\nwhat\na.\nc.\nDelta hemolysis\nAlpha hemolysis\nb.\nd.\nGamma hemolysis\nBeta hemolysis\nKinyoun method of acid-fast\n10.\nWhich among the following reagents is used as the counterstain in the\nstaining?\na.\nc.\nMalachite green\nSafranin\nb.\nd.\nMethylene blue\nCarbol fuchsin\nFeature\nProkaryotic Cell\nEukaryotic Cell\nNot enclosed within a membrane; not\nEnclosed within a membrane;\nGenetic material\nassociated with histones; usually\nassociated with histones; usually\ncircular\nlinear</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>12</th>
      <td>Size\nSmaller (1–2 µm by 1–4 µm or less)\nLarger (greater than 5 µm)</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>13</th>
      <td>Cell type\nMostly unicellular\nMostly multicellular</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>14</th>
      <td>No true nucleus and nuclear membrane;\nWith true nucleus enclosed by\nNucleus\ncalled nucleoid\nnuclear membrane</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>15</th>
      <td>Cell wall\nComplex\nSimple</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>16</th>
      <td>Cell division\nMitosis\nBudding or binary fission</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>17</th>
      <td>Sexual reproduction\nNo meiosis; transfer of DNA only\nMeiosis</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>18</th>
      <td>Cytoskeleton\nAbsent\nPresent</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>19</th>
      <td>Functions as mitochondria and Golgi\nMesosome\nAbsent\ncomplex</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>20</th>
      <td>Feature\nProkaryotic Cell\nEukaryotic Cell\n80S; located in membranes such\n70S; located in\nas\nRibosomes</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The table presented delineates critical differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as additional details regarding specific cellular features and characteristics. Prokaryotic cells are described as being mainly unicellular and typically smaller in size, measuring around 1–2 µm by 1–4 µm or less. They lack a true nucleus as their genetic material is not enclosed within a membrane, instead residing in a region called the nucleoid. The composition of prokaryotic cells includes a complex cell wall, and they reproduce primarily through binary fission. In addition, the cytoskeleton is absent, and ribosomal structures are 70S, primarily located in various cellular membranes.

In contrast, eukaryotic cells can be unicellular or multicellular and are generally larger than their prokaryotic counterparts, exceeding 5 µm. These cells are characterized by the presence of a true nucleus, covered by a nuclear membrane, and possess simpler cell walls. Eukaryotic cells divide through mitosis, and their reproductive processes involve meiosis, allowing for genetic variation. A cytoskeleton is present, which adds structural support, and ribosomes in these cells are 80S, typically located in membrane-bound organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.

Furthermore, the table touches upon aspects such as the genetic material in prokaryotic cells being circular and associated with histones, whereas in eukaryotic cells, it is linear and also associated with histones. The process of energy metabolism and cell functions are distinctly outlined as well; prokaryotic cells can utilize various modes of nutrition, including heterotrophic and autotrophic processes, while primarily serving roles as both producers and decomposers in ecosystems. This comprehensive comparison emphasizes the fundamental distinctions essential for understanding cellular biology and the diverse roles that different cell types play in biological systems.


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<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Which of the following structures is utilized by bacteria for cell division?\nMesosome</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Axial filament</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Which among the following is the site of the electron transport chain in</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Outer membrane</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Capsule</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Which of the following components is the reason why the cell wall of acid</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>Mycolic acid</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Dipicolinic acid</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>Which among the following is produced by some bacteria when placed in</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>a, b, and c</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td>a and b only</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>12</th>
      <td>Which of the following is a structure found in gram-negative organisms</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The table consists of a single column of entries, each relating to questions and answers about bacterial structures and their functions. The first row introduces a question regarding which structure bacteria utilize for cell division, identifying the 'Mesosome' as the answer. This choice indicates a noteworthy detail about bacterial cell division and the specialized structures involved in this process. The subsequent rows provide additional questions, starting from the identification of an important structural feature to more questions relating to the biological processes of bacteria.

Continuing down the table, the questions probe into various aspects of bacterial physiology. One question focuses on the site of the electron transport chain, presenting the potential answer of 'Outer membrane'. This emphasizes the role of the outer membrane in cellular respiration, indicating its critical function in energy production. Additional questions relate directly to the composition and features of bacterial cell walls, specifically addressing components like 'Mycolic acid' and 'Dipicolinic acid', which are significant in defining the properties of certain bacterial types, such as those that exhibit acid-fast characteristics.

In the later sections, the table raises inquiries about specific structures found in gram-negative organisms, drawing attention to the structural complexity and diversity within the bacterial kingdom. Furthermore, several choices at the end of the table suggest the nature of bacterial byproducts, indicating a broader exploration of bacterial metabolism and its implications. The selections between options showcase the varied pathways and materials produced by bacteria under different environmental conditions. Overall, the table encapsulates a succinct yet informative set of knowledge relevant to microbiology, particularly in understanding bacterial structure, function, and the biochemical basis of their life processes.


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<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Which\nofof\nthe\nfollowing\norganisms\nisis\nnot\ncommonly\ninvolved\ninin\ndevelopment of nosocomial infections?\na.\nStaphylococcus epidermidis\nc.\nCandida albicans</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>b.\nPseudomonas aeruginosa\nd.\nEscherichia coli</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Based on WHO recommendations, the gloves can be removed in all the\nfollowing instances, except:</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>a.\nWhen handwashing is indicated</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>b.\nBefore contact with a contaminated body site</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>c.\nAfter contact with a single patient and his/her surroundings</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>d.\nAfter contact with blood or body fluids</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Which part of the gown is considered sterile?</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>a.\nFrom 5 inches below the elbow</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>b.\nFrom chest down to level of sterile field</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td>c.\nBack of the gown</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td>d.\nNeck and underarms</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>12</th>
      <td>Which of the following is an example of reverse isolation?</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>13</th>
      <td>a.\nA patient with a contagious infection is placed in a room with positive\nair pressure.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>14</th>
      <td>b.\nPatient must wear a mask every time someone enters the room.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>15</th>
      <td>c.\nAll individuals entering the room must wear a mask.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>16</th>
      <td>d.\nAll individuals entering the room as well as the patient must wear a\nmask.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>17</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The table presented features a series of multiple-choice questions linked to infection control and precautions in a healthcare setting, particularly in relation to nosocomial infections. The first question asks participants to identify which organism is not commonly involved in the development of nosocomial infections from a given list that includes Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Escherichia coli. This inquiry highlights the importance of understanding the pathogens typically associated with hospital-acquired infections.

Following that, the table addresses guidelines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding the appropriate instances for glove removal. Four scenarios are provided: removing gloves when handwashing is necessary, before contact with a contaminated body site, after contact with a single patient and their surroundings, and after contact with blood or body fluids. This set of questions emphasizes proper infection control measures to prevent the spread of pathogens in healthcare environments, illustrating the critical thinking required in clinical settings.

The next section probes into the sterility of different parts of a gown, providing several options to determine which section is considered sterile. The choices include areas from five inches below the elbow, from the chest down to the level of the sterile field, the back of the gown, and the neck and underarms. In addition, the table includes a question about reverse isolation, presenting scenarios in which specific precautions should be taken to protect immunocompromised patients. Options suggest protocols such as maintaining positive air pressure in a room, requiring patients to wear masks during interactions, and ensuring that all individuals entering the room follow strict mask-wearing guidelines. Together, these elements reflect a comprehensive approach to infection prevention and control in clinical practice.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>synthesis\nColumn A\nColumn B\n2.\nb.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Cephalosporin\nAlteration of cell membrane</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>c.\nInhibition of protein synthesis</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>3.\nd.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Trimethoprim\nInhibition of DNA synthesis</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>4.\ne.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>Quinolones\nInhibition of RNA synthesis</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>5.\nf.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>Nystatin\nInhibition of microbial</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>metabolic pathways\nFactors that limit entry of microorganisms\nKeratin layer of intact skin\nLysozyme in tears and other secretions\nRespiratory cilia\nLow pH of stomach and vagina; fatty acids in\nskin\nSurface phagocytes\nNormal flora\nFactors that limit growth of the\nmicroorganisms within the body\nNatural killer cells\nNeutrophils\nMacrophages and dendritic cells\nInterferons\nComplement system\nFever\nInflammatory response\nProperty\nInnate Immunity\nActivity at birth\nYes\nResponse time\nImmediate\nSpecificity for microorganisms\nRelatively low (PAMPs)\nPhagocytic cells, NK cells,</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The table captures essential aspects related to different types of antimicrobial agents and their mechanisms of action while intertwining important concepts of immunity. It starts by indicating the type of synthesis under discussion in the first row, hinting at how various agents can affect bacterial growth. The entries include cephalosporins, which are antibiotics that alter cell membrane integrity, and trimethoprim, which inhibits DNA synthesis, thus preventing bacterial replication. Furthermore, quinolones are noted for inhibiting RNA synthesis, while nystatin acts by disrupting microbial metabolic pathways.

Additionally, the table draws attention to the innate immunity properties that function as a first line of defense against pathogens. It lists various physical and chemical barriers that limit the entry of microorganisms, like the keratin layer of intact skin, lysozyme present in tears, and respiratory cilia. Other innate immune responses detailed include the roles played by natural killer cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in identifying and eliminating threats, alongside the activities of interferons and the complement system that facilitate inflammation and fever responses. Overall, the interplay between antimicrobial mechanisms and innate immunity underscores a crucial relationship in combating infections effectively from the moment of birth, characterized by immediate response times and relatively low specificity towards pathogens, by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Antibiotics involved\nGlycopeptides</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Macrolides, tetracyclines,\naminoglycosides</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Sulfa drugs, sulfones, trimethoprim</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Polymyxins</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The table presents a categorization of various antibiotics along with their classifications. In the first row, it identifies "Glycopeptides" as an important class of antibiotics involved in bacterial treatments. This is significant in the context of antibiotic resistance and mechanisms of action, particularly highlighted in the surrounding material discussing the inhibition of cell wall synthesis, a key feature of glycopeptides.

Following this, the table moves on to list "Macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides" in the next row, indicating a broader range of antibiotic types that inhibit protein synthesis. This aligns with the context given, particularly in relation to the mechanism of action that tetracycline employs by binding to the bacterial ribosomal subunit and disrupting protein synthesis.

Further down, sulfones, sulfa drugs, and trimethoprim are grouped together, representing antibiotics that inhibit microbial metabolic pathways, which reflects the varied mechanisms by which different antibiotics operate. The final entry displays "Polymyxins," another class of antibiotics, indicating their usage in targeting bacterial cell membranes. Each class signifies an important aspect of antimicrobial treatment, mirroring the questions posed in the surrounding text about the mechanisms of action, target sites, and resistance mechanisms involved in antibiotic therapy. Overall, the table works in conjunction with the surrounding context to illustrate the complexity of antibiotic action and resistance in the field of microbiology.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>IgD</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>δ (delta)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>180k</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>1%</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>B cell\nReceptor</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The table presents information regarding the immunoglobulin D (IgD), which is one of the five major classes of immunoglobulins found in the immune system. The first row of the table identifies IgD, while the second row corresponds to its Greek letter designation, δ (delta). IgD is less abundant compared to other immunoglobulins, with a mere 1% representation in serum. It usually exists in the form of a monomer, which is indicated by its molecular weight of approximately 180 kDa listed in the third row.

Additionally, the table highlights important characteristics of IgD, emphasizing that it does not cross the placenta—an essential function associated with other immunoglobulins like IgG. In terms of its role in the immune response, IgD is primarily associated with B-cell receptors, which suggests its integral part in the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes. The presence of the B cell receptor noted in the last row underscores its function in recognizing antigens, ultimately leading to the initiation of immune responses when B cells encounter pathogens. Overall, the information provided in this table reflects the unique attributes of IgD, shedding light on its significance in the immune system amidst the broader context of hypersensitivity reactions and B cell activation elaborated within the surrounding text.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
      <th>1</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>6.\nWhich of the following methods causes\n5.5.\ndestruction of organisms through\na.\nIt is used in gaseous sterilization.\nproduction of reactive oxygen species?\nb.\nIt is less potent than formaldehyde.\nc.\nIt is sporicidal.\nd.\nAll of the above\n7.\nkill all forms of the organism including the spores?\na.\nc.\nPhenol\nb.\nd.\nAlcohol\n8.\na.\nDenaturation of cellular proteins\nb.\nc.\nDamages the cell\nmembrane\nd.\nInhibits RNA\nsynthesis\ndisinfectant or\n9.\nantiseptic?\na.\nIt should be stable and active in any pH.\nb.\nIt should non-toxic, hypoallergenic, and non-\nc.\nirritating.\nd.\nIt should be safe under storage.\nophthalmia\n10.\nneonatorum?\na.\nc.\nMercurials\nb.\nd.\nSilver nitrate (1%)\nTarget site modified\nAntibiotics involved\nPeptide subunits of\nGlycopeptides\npeptidoglycan</td>
      <td>glutaraldehyde?\nWhich of the following is considered as the best\nantiseptic because it can\nCresols\nIodine\nWhich among the following is the mechanism of\naction of alcohol?\nModification of functional groups of proteins and\nnucleic acids\nWhich among the following is not a characteristic\nof a good chemical\nIt should not leave a residual antimicrobial film on\nthe treated surface.\nWhich of the following chemical agents is used\nclinically as treatment for\nIodine\nChlorhexidine</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Macrolides, tetracyclines,\nRibosome subunits\naminoglycosides</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Metabolic enzymes\nSulfa drugs, sulfones, trimethoprim</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Lipopolysaccharide structure\nPolymyxins</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The provided table encompasses a range of topics regarding antimicrobial agents and their mechanisms of action. It begins with a series of questions concerning methods of sterilization and the capabilities of various chemicals. For instance, question 6 addresses methods that cause the destruction of organisms through the production of reactive oxygen species, highlighting options such as gaseous sterilization and the comparative potency of substances like formaldehyde. Additionally, question 7 emphasizes the ability to eliminate all forms of organisms, including spores, while providing choices like phenol and alcohol as potential answers.

Moving through the table, a column displays the mechanisms of action of certain antimicrobial agents. For example, macrolides, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides are listed as agents that target ribosome subunits to inhibit protein synthesis. Another entry in the table refers to metabolic enzymes affected by sulfa drugs, sulfones, and trimethoprim, a crucial aspect in understanding how specific antibiotics function at the cellular level. Furthermore, polymyxins are indicated as agents that interfere with the lipopolysaccharide structure of bacterial cells, a vital point for grasping their role in disrupting bacterial membranes.

Overall, this table serves as an informative resource bridging the understanding of antibiotic action, the mechanisms of resistance, and the consequences of utilizing various chemical agents in microbiology. The interactive question-and-answer format not only elucidates the complexities surrounding antimicrobial treatment but also reinforces theoretical knowledge essential for practical application in the field of nursing and microbiology. Through this structured approach, it highlights the significance of each chemical agent while inviting the learner to think critically about the connections among different classes of antibiotics and their target sites.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Parasite that cannot survive outside the host</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Parasite capable of existing independently of the host</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Parasite that is established inside the host</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Parasite that is established in or on the exterior surface of host</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Host other than the normal one that is harboring a parasite</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>Host in which the adult/sexual phase of parasite development occurs</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Host in which the larval/asexual phase of parasite development occurs</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>Host harboring parasites that are parasitic for humans and from which\nhumans may become infected</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>Host responsible for transferring a parasite from one location to another</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td>Living together; the association between two living organisms, each of\ndifferent species.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>12</th>
      <td>Association between two different species of organisms that is beneficial\nto\none and neutral to the other.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>13</th>
      <td>Association between two different species of organisms that is beneficial\nto\nboth.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>14</th>
      <td>Association between two different species of organisms in which one\nbenefits at the other's expense.</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The table outlines various types of parasites and their relationships with hosts, categorizing them based on their survival capabilities and their developmental stages. The first few entries define parasites that require a host for survival, including the one that cannot survive outside the host (entry 0), and another capable of existing independently of the host (entry 1). It continues by indicating the types of parasites that have established themselves within the host (entry 2) or are found on the exterior surface of the host (entry 3). 

Furthermore, the table distinguishes between types of hosts concerning their roles in the life cycle of the parasite. Host categories are elaborated upon, identifying the "abnormal" hosts (entry 5) that harbor parasites and the specific hosts in which the adult or sexual phase of the parasites takes place (entry 6). Additionally, it recognizes hosts harboring parasites that are specifically harmful to humans (entry 8) and those that play a role in transferring parasites to new locations (entry 9). 

Beyond the direct relationships of parasites and hosts, the table delves into the different types of ecological associations that can occur between living organisms of different species. These associations range from mutual benefits (entry 13) to parasitism, where one species benefits at the expense of the other (entry 14). It also includes neutral relationships (entry 12) where one species benefits and the other remains unaffected (entry 11). This nuanced classification helps clarify the complex interactions that define host-parasite dynamics within various ecological frameworks.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
      <th>1</th>
      <th>2</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>breathing. The patient can be said to be in which stage of the infection\n6.6.\nA 16-year-old female was rushed to the ER because of high-grade\na.\nc.\nIncubation period\nPeriod of illness\nb.\nd.\nProdromal period\nPeriod of defervescence\nType of Parasite\nObligatory parasite\nParasite that cannot survive outside the host</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Facultative parasite\nParasite capable of existing independently of the host</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Endoparasite\nParasite that is established inside the host</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Ectoparasite\nParasite that is established in or on the exterior surface of host</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Type of Host</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Accidental or\nHost other than the normal one that is harboring a parasite\nincidental host</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>Definitive host\nHost in which the adult/sexual phase of parasite development occurs</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Intermediate host\nHost in which the larval/asexual phase of parasite development occurs</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>Host harboring parasites that are parasitic for humans and from which\nReservoir host\nhumans may become infected</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>Transport/Paratenic\nHost responsible for transferring a parasite from one location to another\nhost</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td>Parasite-Host\nRelationships</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td>Living together; the association between two living organisms, each of\nSymbiosis\ndifferent species.</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>12</th>
      <td>Association between two different species of organisms that is beneficial\nCommensalism\nto\none and neutral to the other.</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>13</th>
      <td>Association between two different species of organisms that is beneficial\nMutualism\nto\nboth.</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>14</th>
      <td>Association between two different species of organisms in which one\nParasitism\nbenefits at the other's expense.\nReaction\nMechanism\nResult\nExample\nType 1:\nParasite antigen + IgE attach to\nAnaphylactic shock;\nHelminths;\nallergy or\nmast cells, causing histamine\nbronchospasm; local\nAfrican\nanaphylactic\nrelease.\ninflammation\ntrypanosomiasis\nAntibody + parasite antigen on\nType 2:\ncell surface cause activation of\nLysis of cell-bearing parasite\nTrypanosoma\nantibody\ncomplement activation or\nantigens\ncruzi\nmediated\nnatural\nkiller cells.\nType 3:\nAntibody + extracellular antigen\nInflammation and tissue\nMalaria,\ndamage; complex\nimmune\ncomplex with deposition on\nschistosomiasis,\ndeposition\ncomplex\nendothelium of blood vessels\nin organs and tissues\ntrypanosomiasis</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The table presents various classifications and definitions related to parasites and their hosts, alongside specific examples of interactions and reactions. It begins with a breakdown of different types of parasites, distinguishing between obligatory parasites, facultative parasites, endoparasites, and ectoparasites. An obligatory parasite is defined as one that cannot survive outside its host, whereas a facultative parasite can exist independently of the host. Endoparasites reside inside the host, while ectoparasites are found on the external surface. 

Following this classification, the table details the types of hosts that can harbor parasites, which includes terms like "accidental host" for organisms that unintentionally harbor a parasite, "definitive host" where the adult or sexual phase of the parasite occurs, and "intermediate host" for larval or asexual phases. It also references "reservoir hosts," which harbor parasites that can infect humans, and "transport or paratenic hosts," responsible for transferring parasites from one location to another.

Additionally, the table explains the nature of parasite-host relationships, highlighting different interactions characterized as symbiosis, commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism. Symbiosis signifies a close living association between two different species, commensalism benefits one species without affecting the other, and mutualism benefits both. Parasitism is defined as an association where one organism benefits at the expense of the other. Several reaction mechanisms through which parasites can trigger immune responses in hosts are noted, including types related to the interactions of antibodies and antigens leading to various immune reactions such as anaphylactic shock and tissue damage. Examples from diseases caused by specific parasites reinforce the mechanisms described, emphasizing their impact on host health.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Gram-negative bacteria only</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Present in LPS of outer membrane\nof cell wall; released after lysis of\ncell wall</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Weakly toxic</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Lipid A of LPS of outer membrane</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>General, such as fever, malaise,\nand\nshock; all produce the same effects</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Less antigenic</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Heat-stable</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>Yes</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>Low degree</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td>Cannot be converted to toxoids;\nnot\nneutralized by antitoxins</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>12</th>
      <td>Bacterial chromosome</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>13</th>
      <td>Typhoid fever, urinary tract\ninfections, meningococcal\nmeningitis, and meningococcemia</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The provided table outlines essential characteristics of Gram-negative bacteria and their associated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) components. The first entry emphasizes that the table focuses solely on Gram-negative bacteria, which are distinctive due to their unique cell wall structure. Following this, the table explains that the LPS is present in the outer membrane of these bacteria's cell walls and is released after the bacteria undergo lysis. This suggests a mechanism through which toxins can be disseminated during infection, contributing to its pathological effects.

Furthermore, the table delineates that the toxicity of these bacteria is categorized as weak, primarily attributed to the lipid A within the LPS. While the effects of these Gram-negative bacterial infections can include general symptoms such as fever, malaise, and shock—highlighted as universal effects among Gram-negative pathogens—the immune response to these toxins is also noted to be less effective due to their lower antigenicity. For example, despite their low toxicity, Gram-negative bacteria provoke a response that includes being heat-stable. Interestingly, the table maintains that these toxins cannot be converted to toxoids or neutralized by antitoxins, underscoring the challenges they pose to treatment and the immune system.

The table ultimately rounds off with a mention of specific diseases caused by these organisms, such as typhoid fever, urinary tract infections, meningococcal meningitis, and meningococcemia. This information contextualizes the significance of understanding Gram-negative bacteria and their LPS, highlighting not just the clinical ramifications but also the broader epidemiological relevance in infectious disease management.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>P. Falciparum</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>sequestered</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The provided content includes references to various parasites and their characteristics, along with a specific table that lists important information related to Plasmodium falciparum, a known causative agent of malaria. In the context, there are questions pertaining to the lifecycle stages of various parasites, their modes of transmission, and clinical implications related to their infection. This suggests a focus on understanding the specific traits and behaviors of these pathogens, particularly in relation to their impacts on human health.

Within the table, there’s an identification marker labeled "0" that corresponds to "P. Falciparum," indicating it is the parasite being referenced. The following entries in the table seem to imply additional features or characteristics, although many of these cells remain empty, with the relevant descriptor "sequestered" listed under one of the entries. This could refer to a notable behavior of P. falciparum where infected red blood cells can sequester in various tissues, complicating diagnosis and treatment. The lack of additional information in the majority of table cells suggests that it might be incomplete or intended to highlight specific focal points regarding the parasite's pathology.

The surrounding contextual information mentions features of other parasites and relates to transmission modes and pathogenic stages. Understanding such characteristics is crucial for clinical diagnostics, as the description of life stages, vectors, and congenital infections shed light on the transmission dynamics of the diseases caused by these parasites. Thus, this table provides a crucial touchpoint for examining malaria, specifically how P. falciparum behaves within the host's bloodstream and its broader implications for human health and disease management.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Taenia solium</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Four</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Present</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Present; double\ncrown</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Somewhat square</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>7–15</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
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The table provides specific characteristics related to the cestode parasite Taenia solium. It is structured with rows and columns that detail various attributes of the parasite. In the first row, the primary identification of the organism is presented as "Taenia solium." This is followed by an enumeration of certain features pertinent to its morphology and structure, enhancing the understanding of the species. 

The second row indicates that Taenia solium has "Four" as a characteristic, likely referring to the number of suckers or other distinguishing anatomical elements. In the succeeding rows, the table reveals that the presence of certain features is noted, such as the "Present" and "Present; double crown" designations, which may refer to the anatomical structures used for attachment and possibly the presence of additional morphological traits. The next entry is left blank, indicating perhaps a lack of particular information or features for that category. Following this is a note stating "Somewhat square" in shape, likely describing the morphology of the gravid segment of the cestode, a key aspect of its identification and taxonomic classification. 

Finally, the last row provides a numerical range of "7–15," which could correspond to the number of proglottids or another quantifiable characteristic relevant to Taenia solium. Collectively, these entries highlight the unique properties of Taenia solium, facilitating a better understanding of this parasite in the context of cysticercosis, its life cycle, and the clinical implications regarding human health, especially in relation to undercooked meat consumption, as alluded to in the context.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
      <th>1</th>
      <th>2</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>b.\nTrypanosoma spp.\nd.\nPlasmodium spp.\nWhich of the following protozoan parasites possesses pseudopodia\n6.6.\nlocomotion?\nfor\n10.\nparasites?\nWhich of the following is the most common source of infection for\na.\nAnother person of his clothing\nFood containing the infective stage of the\nb.\nparasite\nc.\nA blood-sucking insect\nd.\nSoil contaminated with human feces\nParameter\nTrophozoite\nCyst\nSize range\n8–65 µm\n8–22 µm</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Shape\nIrregular\nSpherical to round</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Motility\nYes (with finger-like pseudopodia)\nNo</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Number of nuclei\nOne\nOne to four</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Karyosome\nSmall and central\nSmall and central</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>Peripheral chromatin\nFine and evenly distributed\nFine and evenly distributed</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Cytoplasm\nFinely granular\nFinely granular</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>Chromatoid bars and diffuse\nCytoplasmic\nIngested red blood cells\nglycogen mass in young\ninclusions\ncysts</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>P. falciparum\nP. malariae\nP. vivax\nP. ovale\n• fine\nring\n• multiple\n• thick\ninfection\nring;\n• thick\n• thick\n• crescent-shaped\none\nring,\nring;\nmass at outer edge\nYoung\nchromatin dot\noften irregular\none\nof RBC (accole form);\ntrophozoite\n• similar\namoeboid\nchromatin dot\none to two small\nto\nappearance; one\n• circular\nchromatin dots\nP. vivax\nchromatin dot\nshape\n• only\nbut smaller\ndetected\nin\nsevere infection\n• round\nwith\n• ring\ncentral chromatin\nMature\n• irregular,\n• round,\nenlarged;\nand band\ntrophozoite\namoeboid\ncompact\nslightly irregular\nforms; pigment\n(hemozoin)\ndistinct\n8–36 merozoites\n6–12 merozoites\nin cluster or rosette\narranged in\n12–24 merozoites\n8–14 merozoites\narrangement; ring\nrosettes or irregular\nSchizont\narranged\nwith rosette\nenlarged; only\nclusters; central\nirregularly\narrangement\ndetected\nlocation of brown\nin severe infections\ngreen pigment\n• crescentic\n• male:\n• oval\n• oval\n• oval\nreddish\nor\nor\nor\nwith\nrounded\nrounded\nrounded\ndiffuse chromatin\nGametocyte\n• male:\n• male:\n• male:\n• female:\ndiffuse\ndiffuse\ndiffuse\nbluish\nchromatin\nchromatin\nchromatin\nwith</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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Within the context of parasitology, the provided table outlines distinct characteristics of various protozoan parasites, specifically detailing Trophozoite and Cyst forms, alongside information related to four specific Plasmodium species: P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. vivax, and P. ovale. Each characterization is methodically structured into clear parameters, including size range, shape, motility, number of nuclei, karyosome configuration, peripheral chromatin arrangement, cytoplasm features, and notable inclusions in the cytoplasm. 

The size range listed for Trophozoite forms spans 8–65 µm, while Cysts are identified as measuring between 8–22 µm. The shapes exhibit variability; Trophozoites are noted to have an irregular shape, while Cysts are generally spherical to round. The table also provides critical insights regarding motility—indicating that Trophozoites exhibit movement through pseudopodia, albeit the Cysts do not possess this capability. Additionally, the number of nuclei varies, with Trophozoites typically containing one nucleus, whereas Cysts may harbor one to four nuclei.

Further distinctions among the species can be drawn from cellular structures such as karyosome and peripheral chromatin. For instance, both Trophozoites and Cysts of the represented Plasmodium species have small and central karyosomes as well as fine and evenly distributed peripheral chromatin. The table also outlines cytoplasmic characteristics, which include finely granular cytoplasm across the board and specific inclusions such as chromatoid bars. An essential observation is regarding the presence of ingested red blood cells in the young cysts, as this highlights their interaction with host tissues during infection. The later entries elucidate morphological variations in the mature forms of the discussed Plasmodium species, revealing specific differences in trophozoite and gametocyte formations, which may aid in identifying the species in a clinical laboratory setting.


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<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Cyst\n8–22 µm</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Spherical to round</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>One to four</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Small and central</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Fine and evenly distributed</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>Finely granular</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Chromatoid bars and diffuse\nglycogen mass in young\ncysts</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The table presents detailed morphological characteristics of cysts associated with the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Each entry provides specific parameters related to the appearance and size of the cysts. The first row specifies the size range of the cysts, measuring between 8 to 22 micrometers, which is critical for identification and diagnosis. Moving down the rows, the table indicates that the cysts are typically spherical to round in shape, a common feature among various protozoan cysts.

Additional descriptors highlight the internal structure of the cysts, noting the presence of one to four nuclei within them, which is an essential characteristic for classifying this organism. Another entry specifies that the cysts do not exhibit any distinctive granules, which aids in distinguishing them from similar organisms. The table further describes forming cysts as having a small and centrally located nucleus, accompanied by fine and evenly distributed chromatoid bars. Additionally, finely granular content within the cysts is noted, as well as the presence of chromatoid bars and a diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts. These features are significant for microbiologists and healthcare professionals as they facilitate the accurate identification of E. histolytica in clinical specimens, aiding in timely diagnosis and treatment of related infections.


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<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Agents\nCoccidioides immitis</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Histoplasma\ncapsulatum</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Bordetella pertussis</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Chlamydia psittaci</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Coxiella burnetti</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The accompanying table presents a concise list of various infectious agents that are pertinent in clinical settings, specifically focusing on those that can affect individuals with respiratory issues. The first entry, Coccidioides immitis, is a fungal pathogen known to cause coccidioidomycosis, commonly associated with exposure in arid regions. Next on the list is Histoplasma capsulatum, another fungal organism responsible for histoplasmosis, predominantly affecting individuals with compromised immune systems, particularly in endemic areas. 

Bordetella pertussis follows, which is the causative agent of whooping cough, an illness that can lead to severe respiratory complications, especially in young children and unvaccinated populations. The table further includes Chlamydia psittaci, a bacterium associated with psittacosis, characterized by pneumonia-like symptoms and linked to exposure to infected birds. Lastly, Coxiella burnetti is represented, known for causing Q fever, which can lead to significant respiratory illness and is often contracted from infected livestock or through the inhalation of contaminated aerosols. 

These infectious agents are critical for healthcare professionals to recognize in the context of patients exhibiting respiratory symptoms, especially considering the diverse etiologies that can influence treatment paths and patient outcomes. The context surrounding the table discusses a case analysis of a patient with severe respiratory distress, underscoring the importance of identifying the correct pathogen to determine the appropriate antimicrobial therapy and manage any potential complications related to the infections presented in the table.


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string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Ascaris\nIngestion of eggs\nSmall intestines;\nStool exam for\nParasite/\nMode of\nlumbricoides\nfrom fecally\nAlbendazole,\nSite of Infection\nDiagnosis\nlarvae through\neggs; sputum\nDisease\nTransmission\n(Common\ncontaminated soil\nmebendazole\nlungs\nexam for larvae\nroundworm)\nor food</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Ancylostoma\nduodenale,\nSmall intestines;\nStool exam for\nNecator\nLarvae in soil\nAlbendazole,\nlarvae through\neggs; sputum\namericanus\npenetrate skin\nmebendazole\nskin, lungs\nexam for larvae\n(Human\nhookworms)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Stool exam,\nLarvae in soil\nStrongyloides\nSmall intestines;\nsputum exam\npenetrate skin;\nIvermectin,\nstercoralis\nlarvae through\nor bronchial\nautoinfection\nalbendazole\n(Threadworm)\nskin, lungs\nlavage for larvae\n(rare)\nserology\nParasite/\nMode of\nSite of Infection\nDiagnosis\nDisease\nTransmission\nTrichinella\nEating\nSerology and\nspiralis\nAdults in small intestines for 1–4 months; larvae encysted in\nundercooked,\nmuscle\n(Muscle\nmuscle tissue\ninfected pork or\nbiopsy\nworm)\nother animal\n(larvae)\nWuchereria\nbancrofti,\nBite of\nBlood smear\nBrugia\nAdult worms in lymph nodes, lymphatic ducts\nmosquitoes\nfor\nmalayi\ntransmit larvae\nmicrofilariae\n(Filarial\nworms)\nName:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer\non the space provided.\nLarval migration to the lungs or lung phase is seen in\n1.\namong the following nematodes?\nthe life cycle of which\na.\nAscaris lumbricoides\nd.\na and b only\nb.\nAncylostoma duodenale\ne.\na, b, and c\nc.\nStrongyloides stercoralis\nInfection with which among the following is acquired\n2.\nfood or water containing the infective ova?\nthrough ingestion of\na.\nTrichuris, Strongyloides, Enterobius\nb.\nAncylostoma, Necator, Strongyloides\nc.\nAscaris, Trichinella, Capillaria\nd.\nEnterobius, Ascaris, Trichuris\nWhich of the following is a feature more associated\n3.\nrather than Ancylostoma duodenale?\nwith Necator americanus\na.\nBuccal capsule with a pair of cutting plates\nb.\nAcquired through skin penetration\nc.\nWith a lung phase in its life cycle\nd.\nPruritic vesicles at the site of skin penetration</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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string_value:
The table presents a comprehensive overview of various parasites, including their modes of transmission, sites of infection, methods for diagnosis, and the diseases they cause. Each row enumerates specific parasites and articulates how each is contracted. For instance, Ascaris lumbricoides, widely recognized as a common roundworm, is transmitted through the ingestion of eggs from fecally contaminated soil or food, commonly infecting the small intestines. Diagnosis typically involves stool examination for the presence of eggs or larvae, with treatment options including albendazole and mebendazole for combating the infection.

Another significant entry discusses Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus, both of which are categorized as human hookworms. These parasites penetrate the skin as larvae from contaminated soil, eventually migrating through the small intestines and sometimes the lungs. Similar diagnostic measures, such as stool examination and sputum examinations, are applicable here, and treatment often involves the same medications as for Ascaris. The table also covers Strongyloides stercoralis, or threadworm, which presents a unique mode of autoinfection via larvae that can penetrate the skin and migrate to the lungs.

Additionally, details are included concerning Trichinella spiralis, which is transmitted through the consumption of undercooked or contaminated pork. This parasite is noteworthy because it resides in muscle tissue and requires serological analysis or biopsy for diagnosis due to its complex life cycle. Lastly, Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi are filarial worms transmitted through mosquito bites, noted for residing in lymphatic nodes and ducts, with diagnosis relying on identifying microfilariae in a blood smear. The table effectively synthesizes crucial information regarding these parasites, highlighting the overlap in diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities, and paths of transmission, making it a valuable resource for understanding parasitic infections.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
      <th>1</th>
      <th>2</th>
      <th>3</th>
      <th>4</th>
      <th>5</th>
      <th>6</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Which of the following is characterized by periods of\nb.\nStreptococcus pyogenes\nd.\nPseudomonas aeruginosa\n5.5.\nreactivation of lesions?\nlatency with\nCategory\nAgents\nRhinovirus (most\ncommon)\nCommon viruses that usually\nParainfluenza viruses\ncause the common cold\nRespiratory syncytial virus\nCoronavirus</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Adenoviruses\nCommon infectious agents\nEnteroviruses\nthat\nInfluenza viruses\noccasionally cause illness with\nReoviruses\ncommon cold symptoms\nMycoplasma pneumoniae</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Category\nAgents\nIllnesses with initial symptoms\nCoccidioides immitis</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Histoplasma\nsuggestive of the common cold\ncapsulatum</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Bordetella pertussis</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Chlamydia psittaci</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>Coxiella burnetti</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Gram-Stained\nPreferred\nOrganism\nClinical Setting\nSmears of\nComplications\nAntimicrobial\nSputum\nTherapy\nPenicillin G\nBacteremia,\nChronic cardio\n(or V, oral);\nmeningitis,\nStreptococcus\npulmonary disease;\nGram-positive\nfluoroquinolones\nendocarditis,\npneumoniae\nfollows URT\ndiplococci\nor vancomycin for\nempyema,\ninfections\nhighly penicillin\npericarditis\nresistant</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>Chronic cardio\nAmpicillin\nSmall gram\nHaemophilus\npulmonary disease;\nEmpyema,\nor amoxicillin;\nnegative\ninfluenzae\nfollows URT\nendocarditis\nCefotaxime\ncoccobacilli\ninfections\nor ceftriaxone</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>Influenza\nStaphylococcus\nGram-positive\nEmpyema,\nepidemics;\nNafcillin\naureus\ncocci in clusters\ncavitation\nnosocomial</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td>Klebsiella\npneumoniae</td>
      <td>Alcohol abuse, DM;\nnosocomial</td>
      <td>Gram-negative\nencapsulated rods</td>
      <td></td>
      <td>Empyema,\ncavitation</td>
      <td>Third or fourth\ngeneration\nCephalosporin\n+ gentamicin\nor tobramycin</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td>Nosocomial; rarely\nEscherichia\nGram-negative\nThird-generation\ncommunity\nEmpyema\ncoli\nrods\ncephalosporin\nacquired</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>12</th>
      <td>Anti-pseudomonal\nPseudomonas\nNosocomial; cystic\nGram-negative\ncephalosporin or\nCavitation\naeruginosa\nfibrosis\nrods\ncarbapenem +\naminoglycoside</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>13</th>
      <td>Mycoplasma\npneumoniae</td>
      <td>Young adults</td>
      <td>PMNs and\nmonocytes;\nno bacterial\npathogens</td>
      <td></td>
      <td>Skin rashes,\nhemolytic anemia</td>
      <td>Erythromycin,\nazithromycin or\nclarithromycin;\ndoxycycline,\nfluoroquinolones</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The table presents a comprehensive overview of various organisms associated with respiratory infections, detailing their clinical settings, Gram-staining characteristics, complications they may cause, and preferred antimicrobial therapies. Each row systematically categorizes a distinct organism, allowing for a clear understanding of their pathology and treatment options. For instance, Legionella sp. is highlighted, linking its clinical setting to exposure from contaminated sources such as construction sites and water sources. The table notes the Gram-staining result as few PMNs (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) with no bacteria observed, and outlines potential complications including empyema, cavitation, endocarditis, and pericarditis. The preferred treatment options for Legionella are azithromycin or clarithromycin, which may be used in combination with rifampin or fluoroquinolones.

Further detailing infectious agents, Pneumocystis jirovecii is mentioned as predominantly affecting individuals with AIDS or those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. A significant note is made about the Gram stain being unhelpful for diagnosis, with potential complications such as pneumothorax, respiratory failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, leading to potentially fatal outcomes. The recommended treatments for Pneumocystis include Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and pentamidine isethionate. Other organisms included in the table encompass several critical pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus, each with distinctive properties, associated risks, and specific antimicrobial regimens that underscore their clinical significance in managing respiratory illnesses. This structured format offers healthcare professionals an essential guide for understanding and addressing these infections effectively.


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string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
      <th>1</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>compact chromatin\nP. falciparum\nP. malariae\nP. vivax\nP. ovale\nSize of\nUnchanged or\ninfected\nUnchanged\nEnlarged\nEnlarged\nsmaller\nred cell\nShape of\nSometimes irregular\nOften irregular\nUnchanged\nUnchanged\nred cell\nand crenated\nwith jagged edges\nAlways present\nSometimes present\nRarely present\nOften present\nStippling\n(Schuffner's or\n(Maurer's dots)\n(Ziemann's dots)\n(Schüffner's dots)\nJames' dots)</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>P. Vivax\nP. Ovale\nP. Malariae\nP. Falciparum\nRing Stage</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Trophozoite</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Schizont</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Segmenter</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Gametocytes\nsequestered</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Name:\nSection:\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer\non the space provided.\n1.\nan insect vector?\na.\nBalantidium coli\nb.\nGiardia lamblia\nc.\nLeishmania donovani\n2.\ncontaminated water?\na.\nBalantidium coli\nb.\nNaegleria fowleri\n3.\nQuotidian malaria is caused by which of the following?\na.\nPlasmodium vivax\nb.\nPlasmodium ovale\nc.\nPlasmodium malariae\n4.\ntransmission?\na.\nTrichomonas\nb.\nPlasmodium\nWhich among the following statements is true of\n5.\nEntamoeba histolytica?</td>
      <td>Score:\nDate:\nacquired through bite of\nd.\na and b only\ne.\na, b, and c\nthrough swimming in\nc.\nEntamoeba histolytica\nd.\nToxoplasma gondii\nd.\nPlasmodium falciparum\ne.\nPlasmodium knowlesi\nis through sexual\nc.\nLeishmania\nd.\nEntamoeba</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The table discusses various characteristics associated with different species of Plasmodium, the parasitic genus responsible for malaria, particularly focusing on the morphological changes in infected red blood cells as observed under a microscope. The first row lists key indicators that are utilized to identify the types of Plasmodium species, including P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. vivax, and P. ovale. These include size and shape changes in red blood cells, stippling patterns, and the presence of specific features such as Maurer's dots, Ziemann's dots, and Schüffner's dots, which are morphological characteristics used in laboratory diagnosis.

Multiple stages of the Plasmodium life cycle are also enumerated within the table, highlighting the progression from the ring stage to the trophozoite, schizont, segmenter, and gametocyte stages. Each of these stages is crucial for understanding the lifecycle of the parasite and its effects on the host's red blood cells. The table illustrates that in P. falciparum infections, red blood cells often become irregular and crenated, with certain stippling patterns frequently indicating the presence of Maurer's dots, whereas other species may show different patterns and tendencies such as unchanged or enlarged cell morphology.

In addition to the direct descriptions of red blood cell transformations, the table aligns with the surrounding context by addressing the different vectors and modes of transmission for various parasitic infections, particularly in response to questions about the lifecycle of parasites like Trypanosoma and Entamoeba. This context further elucidates the implications of these morphological characteristics in diagnosing malaria, reinforcing the importance of specific features found in red blood cells throughout different stages of the Plasmodium life cycle, ultimately aiding healthcare professionals in recognizing and managing parasitic infections.


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    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Gram-Stained\nPreferred\nOrganism\nClinical Setting\nSmears of\nComplications\nAntimicrobial\nSputum\nTherapy\nExposure to\ncontaminated\nAzithromycin or\nconstruction site,\nEmpyema,\nFew PMNs;\nclarithromycin\nwater source,\ncavitation,\nLegionella sp.\nno\nwith or without\nair conditioner;\nendocarditis,\nbacteria\nrifampin;\ncommunity\npericarditis\nfluoroquinolones\nacquired or\nnosocomial</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Pneumothorax,\nTrimethoprim\nAIDS, immune\nrespiratory failure,\nPneumocystis\nNot helpful in\nsulfamethoxazole,\nsuppressive\nacute respiratory\njirovecii\ndiagnosis\npentamidine\ntherapy\ndistress\nisethionate\nsyndrome, death</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Name:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nquestions. Write the letter of the correct answer on\nCASE ANALYSIS. Read and analyze the case study, then\nthe space provided.\nanswer the following\nCase: A 65-year-old diabetic male was brought to the ER due\nto severe shortness of\nbreath. Condition started 7 days after he was exposed to a\nsevere difficulty of breathing. RT-PCR was\nrelative who had flu-like\nrequested.\nillness. His condition started as sore throat, fever, myalgia,\nand cough. After 2 days,\nhe complained of loss of taste and smell. Few hours prior to\nadmission, he developed\n1.\nWhich of the following will be your consideration?\na.\nBacterial pneumonia\nc.\nCOVID-19\nb.\nChronic bronchitis\nd.\nInfluenza\nIf RT-PCR is positive for an RNA virus, which of the following\n2.\nlikely involved?\nis most\na.\nInfluenza A virus\nc.\nRespiratory syncytial virus\nb.\nAdenovirus\nd.\nSARS-CoV-2\nWhich of the following statements is true regarding\n3.\ninfluenza virus?\nAntigenic shift results from genetic reassortment involving\na.\nN antigens.\nthe H and\nInfluenza C virus causes both epidemics and\nb.\npandemics.\nAntigenic drift is a major change involving the N antigen of\nc.\nthe virus.\nd.\nAll of the above\nWhich of the following cannot be destroyed by cell wall\n4.\nit does not possess a cell wall?\ninhibitors because\na.\nMycoplasma pneumoniae\nc.\nCorynebacterium diphtheriae\nb.\nHaemophilus influenzae\nd.\nMycobacterium tuberculosis</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The table presents an advanced analysis of various clinical features, characteristics, and treatment considerations related to a selection of infectious diseases, primarily focusing on pneumonia and respiratory illnesses. The rows detail Gram-stained smears of preferred organisms in specific clinical settings, highlighting the complications associated with each. For instance, it mentions organisms like Legionella sp. and Pneumocystis jirovecii, which require specific antimicrobial therapies such as azithromycin, clarithromycin, or fluoroquinolones, depending on the nature of exposure (e.g., contaminated water sources or construction sites) and potentially complicated by conditions like empyema or endocarditis.

Furthermore, the table also indicates the utility of various diagnostic approaches. For Pneumocystis jirovecii, noted in immune-suppressive patients such as those with AIDS, common diagnostic methods are deemed not particularly helpful. It emphasizes the criticality of recognizing these variations as they significantly influence patient management. The latter portion of the table transitions into a case analysis involving a 65-year-old diabetic male who develops severe shortness of breath after exposure to a sick relative, outlining symptoms that progress from common flu-like symptoms to significant respiratory distress. This case encourages a deeper evaluation into potential diagnoses such as bacterial pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, COVID-19, or influenza, depending on the context provided through RT-PCR testing for RNA viruses, guiding healthcare professionals in making informed decisions.

The detailed descriptions in the table and accompanying case provide essential insights into infection pathophysiology, diagnostic tests, and treatment protocols that are vital for clinical practice, especially in cases where respiratory distress and underlying health conditions intersect. These insights illustrate the importance of tailored therapeutic approaches based on both laboratory findings and clinical presentations, which are critical for optimized patient outcomes in the face of complex respiratory illnesses.


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    </tr>
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    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Hepatitis C\nHepatitis D\nHepatitis E\n"Non-A,\n"Enteric\nnon-B post\n"Delta agent"\nnon-A,\ntransfusion"\nnon-B"</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Viroid-like;\nHepevirus;\nFlavivirus;\nenvelope,\nCalicivirus\nenvelope, RNA\ncircular RNA\nlike capsid</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Parenteral,\nParenteral,\nsexual,\nFecal-oral\nsexual\ninsidious</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>14–180+\n15–64\n15–50</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Normal\nCo-infection\npatients,\nUsually sub\nor super\nmild;\nclinical; 70%\ninfection\npregnant\nchronicity\nwith\nwomen,\nHBV\nsevere</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Yes\nYes\nNo</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The table outlines various viruses responsible for hepatitis infections, specifically Hepatitis C, D, and E, along with their respective characteristics and classifications. The viruses are classified under types such as viroid-like, Hepevirus, Flavivirus, and Calicivirus, illustrating the diversity in their structures, which include enveloped RNA viruses and circular RNA with a capsid. This classification provides insights into their biological and genetic makeup, which is crucial for understanding their behavior and impact on health.

The transmission routes for these hepatitis viruses are also highlighted, indicating that Hepatitis C and D typically transmit parenterally, sexually, or through insidious means, while Hepatitis E is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route. The variation in incubation periods for these viruses can range from 14 to over 180 days for Hepatitis C, 15–64 days for Hepatitis D, and 15–50 days for Hepatitis E. Understanding these incubation periods is essential for diagnosing and managing infections, as it reflects the time frame between exposure to the virus and the onset of symptoms.

Lastly, the clinical implications of these infections are addressed, revealing that co-infection is common in patients with Hepatitis B, and more severe outcomes have been associated with pregnant women. The likelihood of progressing to chronic infection varies, with approximately 70% of patients experiencing mild symptoms while some may face severe complications. Notably, the table indicates the presence or absence of certain associated disease conditions, as hepatitis D shows co-infection risks, while hepatitis E indicates no such associations. This detailed classification serves to inform healthcare professionals about the complexities and epidemiology of these hepatitis viruses, enhancing their understanding and response strategies.


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      <td>Epidemiology</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Causes outbreaks of\nvomiting\nand diarrhea in families,\ncommunities, and institutions</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Sporadic and occasional\noutbreaks</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Sporadic and occasional\noutbreaks</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The epidemiological aspects of foodborne illnesses highlight significant issues regarding outbreaks in various settings such as families, communities, and institutions. The table illustrates the prevalence and nature of these outbreaks, indicating that they can lead to a range of clinical symptoms including vomiting and diarrhea. This suggests that the control of such infections is crucial in preventing widespread health issues, particularly in communal environments where close contact increases the risk of transmission.

The table delineates categories such as "sporadic and occasional outbreaks," signaling that while some occurrences may arise at random, there are notable cases that can affect larger populations intermittently. This classification underscores the importance of monitoring food safety practices and public health measures to reduce the potential for outbreaks. By recognizing these patterns in epidemiology, health officials can implement targeted interventions to safeguard community health and prevent the spread of gastrointestinal diseases attributed to various microbial agents. 

Overall, understanding the epidemiology of these ailments serves as a vital part of public health, emphasizing the need for education, preventive measures, and timely responses to incidents. It calls attention to the fact that outbreaks can arise under different circumstances, necessitating a comprehensive approach to mitigate risks and protect vulnerable populations effectively.


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      <td>Yersinia\nenterocolitica\n1–6</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>++</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>++</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>++</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The information presented relates to the pathogenic mechanisms and clinical characteristics of various organisms, particularly focusing on Yersinia enterocolitica, which is described in the accompanying table. This table categorizes and highlights key aspects of the organism by utilizing a single-column format where each row contains specific details. The first row identifies Yersinia enterocolitica along with its associated pathogenesis, noted as occurring within a range of 1 to 6 days post-infection. This organism is linked to the development of enterocolitis, a significant gastrointestinal condition.

Further rows encapsulate scores for certain criteria, represented by two-plus signs (++) across all the subsequent lines. This scoring likely indicates the presence or severity of clinical manifestations or pathogenic mechanisms related to Yersinia enterocolitica, suggesting that the organism exhibits a notable level of virulence or clinical relevance. This uniform scoring across the rows emphasizes the consistency in how this pathogen is recognized in the context of foodborne illnesses, which aligns with the surrounding context discussing food poisoning incidents. 

The wider context draws attention to foodborne illnesses, particularly in a scenario where children developed symptoms of nausea and vomiting after consuming contaminated food at a birthday party. The references to various foodborne pathogens—including those that might be spread through improper food handling or contaminated sources, as depicted in the provided questions—create a framework for understanding the impact of organisms like Yersinia enterocolitica. Thus, the table effectively encapsulates critical information on this pathogen, linking it to broader clinical cases of foodborne illnesses and reinforcing the importance of recognizing the mechanisms and sources of infection.


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      <th>0</th>
      <td>5.5.\nthe lungs?\nwhich part of\na.\nUpper lobe only\nc.\nMiddle and lower lobes\nb.\nUpper and middle lobes\nd.\nLower lobe only\nWhich of the following is not a clinical feature of\n6.\npertussis?\na.\nInspiratory whoop\nc.\nSeal bark cough\nb.\nParoxysmal cough\nd.\nRust-colored sputum\nWhich of the following is the most common cause of the\n7.\ncommon cold?\na.\nRhinovirus\nc.\nCoronavirus\nb.\nInfluenza virus\nd.\nAdenovirus\nWoolsorter's disease is caused by which of the following\n8.\norganisms?\na.\nBacillus anthracis\nc.\nHaemophilus influenzae\nb.\nStreptococcus pneumoniae\nd.\nPseudomonas aeruginosa\n9.\nthe other streptococci?\npneumoniae from\na.\nGram stain\nc.\nOptochin test\nb.\nCulture\nd.\nCatalase test\nthe\n10.\nof infected patients?\nneck appearance\na.\nBordetella pertussis\nc.\nLegionella pneumophila\nb.\nCorynebacterium diphtheriae\nd.\nStreptococcus pneumoniae\nFeature\nHepatitis A\nHepatitis B\nHepatitis C\nHepatitis D\nHepatitis E\n"Non-A,\n"Enteric\nCommon\n"Infectious"\n"Serum"\nnon-B post\n"Delta agent"\nnon-A,\nname\ntransfusion"\nnon-B"</td>
      <td>Primary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis involves\nWhich of the following tests will differentiate Streptococcus\nWhich of the following organisms is part of transient flora of\nnasopharynx and produces infection characterized by bull</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Viroid-like;\nHepevirus;\nVirus\nPicornavirus;\nHepadnavirus;\nFlavivirus;\nenvelope,\nCalicivirus\nstructure\ncapsid RNA\nenvelope, DNA\nenvelope, RNA\ncircular RNA\nlike capsid</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Parenteral,\nParenteral,\nParenteral,\nTransmission\nFecal-oral\nsexual,\nsexual,\nFecal-oral\nsexual\ninsidious\ninsidious</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Incubation\n15–50\n45–160\n14–180+\n15–64\n15–50\nperiod (days)</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Normal\nCo-infection\npatients,\nUsually sub\nor super\nOccasionally\nmild;\nSeverity\nMild\nclinical; 70%\ninfection\nsevere\npregnant\nchronicity\nwith\nwomen,\nHBV\nsevere</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>Chronicity/\nNo\nYes\nYes\nYes\nNo\nCarrier state</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The table presents a detailed comparison of various types of hepatitis viruses, including Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, along with their classifications, modes of transmission, incubation periods, severity, and potential for chronicity. Each type of hepatitis is characterized by distinct features, such as the viral structure, which includes various types of capsids and envelopes. Hepatitis A is noted as an enteric virus with a fecal-oral transmission route and has an incubation period of 15 to 50 days. It typically leads to milder clinical presentations without chronicity. In contrast, Hepatitis B, C, and D are classified as parenteral viruses, noting their transmission through sexual contact and blood. These viruses have longer incubation periods, with Hepatitis B ranging from 45 to 160 days and Hepatitis C between 14 and 180 or more days, contributing to their higher severity and potential for chronic infection.

Furthermore, the table highlights the poor chronicity observed in Hepatitis A, as opposed to the presence of carrier states in Hepatitis B and C, which increases the clinical implications for those infected. It points out the potential for severe complications, especially in pregnant women who may experience acute hepatic failure if infected with Hepatitis B. Hepatitis D, which depends on the presence of Hepatitis B for its transmission and infection, also shows a high likelihood of chronicity. In contrast, Hepatitis E generally does not have chronic implications. These distinctions underscore the importance of understanding the epidemiology, transmission modes, and clinical outcomes associated with each hepatitis virus in the context of public health and patient management.


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    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Hepatitis C virus\n5.5.\nviruses\nWhich\nis\nof\nassociated\n6.\nthe\nwith\nfollowing\noutbreaks\ngastroenteritis in nursing homes?\nof\na.\nc.\nAdenovirus\nRotavirus\nb.\nd.\nNorwalk virus\nSaporovirus\nadministration of vaccine against hepatitis B\n7.\nvirus?\nby\na.\nc.\nHepatitis A virus\nHepatitis D virus\nb.\nd.\nHepatitis C virus\nHepatitis E virus\n8.\nexcept:\na.\nc.\nEscherichia coli\nKlebsiella sp.\nb.\nd.\nEnterobacter sp.\nSalmonella sp.\n9.\nshortest incubation period?\na.\nc.\nYersinia enterocolitica\nSalmonella typhi\nb.\nd.\nShigella dysenteriae\nEscherichia coli\n10.\nwith which of the following organisms?\na.\nc.\nETEC, Shigella\nSTEC, Shigella\nb.\nd.\nEIEC, Salmonella\nSTEC, Salmonella\nOrganism\nDisease\nBacterial\nNeisseria gonorrhea\nGonorrhea</td>
      <td>Which of the following hepatitis viruses can cause chronic infection?\nInfection with which of the following hepatitis viruses can be prevented\nThe following are lactose-fermenting members of the\nEnterobacteriaceae,\nWhich of the following causes of invasive bacterial diarrhea has the\nHemolytic uremic syndrome is a complication associated with infection</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Haemophilus ducreyi\nChancroid</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Treponema pallidum\nSyphilis</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Lymphogranuloma\nChlamydia trachomatis\nvenereum</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Viral\nHIV\nAIDS</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>Herpes simplex virus\nGenital/Perianal herpes</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Human papillomavirus\nCondylomata acuminata</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>Hepatitis viruses\nHepatitis</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>Zika virus\nZika fever</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The table provides a comprehensive overview of various sexually transmitted infections (STIs), detailing the causative organisms and associated diseases. It highlights notable bacterial pathogens such as Neisseria gonorrhea, which causes gonorrhea, and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis. In addition to bacterial STIs, it includes viral infections like HIV leading to AIDS, and infections caused by the herpes simplex virus resulting in genital and perianal herpes. Other infections listed include those caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, leading to lymphogranuloma venereum, and Haemophilus ducreyi, responsible for chancroid.

The table not only identifies each organism and its corresponding disease but also emphasizes the clinical implications and epidemiological significance of these infections. For instance, it enumerates the various consequences of these STIs, including long-term health issues associated with secondary and tertiary syphilis, recurrent genital herpes, and the complications that arise from untreated infections. It reflects an important segment of medical knowledge that is critical for diagnosis and treatment in nursing and public health sectors, underpinning an urgency for awareness and education surrounding sexually transmitted infections and their prevention strategies.


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      <th>0</th>
      <td>Invasive Diarrhea\nDysenteric (blood, mucus, white\nblood cells)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Yes</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Yes</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Severe (cramping; tenesmus)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Colon (large intestine)</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The data presented in the table highlights critical aspects of invasive diarrhea, specifically focusing on dysenteric characteristics that include the presence of blood, mucus, and white blood cells in stool. The table delineates various attributes indicative of such conditions. Notably, the first row emphasizes the nature of the diarrhea termed as "Invasive Diarrhea," characterized by dysentery, which involves the presence of blood, mucus, and white blood cells, which are often associated with severe gastrointestinal infections.

In subsequent rows, the table affirms the presence of key symptoms related to invasive diarrhea. It states "Yes" under two separate entries (labeled 1 and 2), indicating that the characteristics of invasive diarrhea are relevant in the context presented. Moreover, it describes the severity of the symptoms, noting them as "Severe (cramping; tenesmus)" which refers to the painful and urgent sensation of needing to pass stool frequently, a hallmark of gastrointestinal distress. The final row specifies the site affected, identifying the colon (large intestine) as the primary region impacted by this invasive process. 

This clinical information ties into the surrounding context regarding foodborne pathogens, as invasive diarrhea can result from pathogens like Shigella spp. and EIEC, which cause similar dysenteric symptoms. Understanding the clinical features, mechanisms, and pathogenic sources discussed in the context can further assist healthcare providers in diagnosing and managing patients who present with such symptoms. This interconnectedness of the table with the surrounding text underlines the importance of identifying the nature of diarrhea and its implications in clinical settings.


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      <td>Chancroid\nHaemophilus ducreyi\n3–5 days\nTender papule that\nulcerates\nCulture in at least two\nkinds of enriched media\nwith vancomycin\nInguinal bubo\nCeftriaxone,\nazithromycin,\nerythromycin, or\nciprofloxacin</td>
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      <th>1</th>
      <td></td>
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      <th>2</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
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      <th>3</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
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      <th>4</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td></td>
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  </tbody>
</table>


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The table presents detailed information about the infectious disease known as chancroid, which is caused by the organism Haemophilus ducreyi. The disease typically manifests within a period of 3 to 5 days post-exposure, presenting as a tender papule that eventually ulcerates. Notably, the diagnostic process for chancroid involves culturing the organism in at least two types of enriched media that contain vancomycin, facilitating accurate identification.

In terms of clinical manifestations, chancroid can lead to the development of inguinal bubo, which is a swollen lymph node in the groin area—a significant complication of this infection. The treatment options for managing chancroid include the administration of antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, azithromycin, erythromycin, or ciprofloxacin. These therapeutic strategies aim to address the infection effectively, reducing both symptoms and the potential for transmission to others. The information encapsulated in the table serves as a succinct yet thorough overview of the crucial aspects related to the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of chancroid, along with relevant clinical implications.


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      <th>0</th>
      <td>Disease\nGonorrhea</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Chancroid</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Syphilis</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Lymphogranuloma\nvenereum</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>AIDS</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Genital/Perianal herpes</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>Condylomata acuminata</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Hepatitis</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>Zika fever</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The content provided covers various sexually transmitted infections (STIs) associated with specific diseases, highlighting their respective names and categorization. The context starts with a few fungal, protozoal, and parasitic infections, such as Candida albicans, which is responsible for vulvovaginal candidiasis, and Trichomonas vaginalis, known for trichomoniasis. Additionally, it mentions the organism Phthirus pubis, related to pediculosis pubis. The table then transitions into a list of other significant STIs including gonorrhea, chancroid, syphilis, lymphogranuloma venereum, AIDS, genital and perianal herpes, condylomata acuminata, hepatitis, and Zika fever.

For each disease, critical clinical and diagnostic information is provided, which aids in understanding their presentations and treatment options. For instance, primary syphilis is characterized by a slightly tender papule that ulcerates over several weeks, while genital herpes presents with marked pain, fever, and malaise. The incubation periods vary significantly, with syphilis having a range of 10-90 days, whereas other diseases show much shorter incubation periods. Moreover, treatment protocols vary per disease type, with benzathine penicillin G recommended for syphilis, whereas antiviral medications like acyclovir are used for genital herpes. This structured detailing of diseases, symptoms, incubation, diagnostic tests, and treatments is crucial for recognizing and addressing STIs effectively.

In the case analysis provided, it discusses a specific scenario involving a 32-year-old seaman who presents with symptoms consistent with a sexually transmitted infection following casual sexual encounters. The analysis poses multiple-choice questions aimed at identifying the likely condition affecting the patient, linking back to the diseases listed in the table. This practical application underscores the relevance of the table and text in clinical scenarios, assisting healthcare workers in diagnosing and treating STIs based on observed symptoms and appropriate etiologic agents.


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<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
      <th>1</th>
      <th>2</th>
      <th>3</th>
      <th>4</th>
      <th>5</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Feature\nHepatitis A\nHepatitis B\nHepatitis C\nHepatitis D\nHepatitis E\nPrimary\nPrimary\nOther\nCirrhosis,\nhepato-cellular\nhepato-cellular\ndisease\nNone\nfulminant\nNone\ncarcinoma,\ncarcinoma,\nassociations\nhepatitis\ncirrhosis\ncirrhosis</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Symptoms and\nSymptoms\nserum levels of\nLaboratory\nSymptoms and\nAnti-HDV\nand\nHBsAg, HBeAg,\ndiagnosis\nanti-HCV ELISA\nELISA\nanti-HAV IgM\nand anti-HBc\nIgM</td>
      <td></td>
      <td>—</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Non-invasive\nInvasive Diarrhea\nDiarrhea\nCharacteristic of\nProfuse, secretory\nDysenteric (blood, mucus, white\nstool\n(severe, watery)\nblood cells)</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Fever\nNo\nYes</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Systemic toxicity\nNo\nYes</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Abdominal pain\nMild\nSevere (cramping; tenesmus)</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>Site of infection\nSmall intestine\nColon (large intestine)</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Virus\nHost Age\nMode of Transmission\nEpidemiology\nRotaviruses</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>Single most important\ncause\nGroup A\n6–24 months\nPerson-to-person; water\nof endemic severe diarrheal\nillness in infants and young\nchildren</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>Adults and\nOutbreaks of diarrhea in\nGroup B\nPerson-to-person; water\nchildren\nChina</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td>Sporadic and occasional\nGroup C\nChildren\nPerson-to-person; water\noutbreaks</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td>Enteric\nSecond most important viral\nadenoviruses\nagent of endemic diarrhea\n(Group F or\nChild &lt; 2 years\nPerson-to-person\nin\nserotypes 40\nof age\ninfants and young children\nand\nworldwide\n41)</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>12</th>
      <td>Virus\nHost Age\nMode of Transmission\nEpidemiology\nCaliciviruses</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>13</th>
      <td>Causes outbreaks of\nOlder children\nPerson-to-person, water,\nvomiting\nNorovirus\nand\ncold foods, raw shellfish\nand diarrhea in families,\nadults\ncommunities, and institutions</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>14</th>
      <td>Infants, young\nSporadic and occasional\nSaporovirus\nchildren, elderly\noutbreaks</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>15</th>
      <td>Infants, young\nPerson-to-person, water,\nSporadic and occasional\nAstroviruses\nchildren, elderly\nraw shellfish\noutbreaks\nIncubation\nClinical\nOrganism\nCharacteristic foods\nperiod (hours)\npresentation\nBacillus cereus\n1–6\nVomiting\nRe-warmed fried rice</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>16</th>
      <td>6–24\nWatery diarrhea\nMeat, poultry, vegetable</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>17</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The table presented contains a comprehensive overview detailing various features related to different types of hepatitis viruses, specifically Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, along with other enteric viruses and their associated clinical characteristics. It delineates their symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, and the demographic susceptibility of various populations, including infants, children, and adults. For instance, it emphasizes the primary associations with liver diseases like cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma for Hepatitis B and C, while Hepatitis A is more commonly associated with acute hepatitis.

When examining the clinical presentations, the table differentiates the types of diarrhea related to infections caused by these hepatitis viruses. Non-invasive diarrhea, characterized by profuse, secretory watery stools, is noted for viruses like Rotavirus, commonly affecting infants aged 6 to 24 months through person-to-person transmission and contaminated water. In contrast, dysenteric diarrhea, which involves blood and mucus, is seen with more invasive organisms like Shigella. Other symptoms are also outlined, with fever being absent in Hepatitis A but present in Hepatitis B and D, alongside systemic toxicity which is noted in invasive conditions. 

Additionally, the table includes insights into the epidemiology of these viruses, mentioning how certain groups, such as children and the elderly, are particularly susceptible to viral infections like Sapovirus and Astrovirus, which can lead to sporadic outbreaks. It also highlights the mode of transmission for each virus, showcasing the factors contributing to the spread of these infections, such as contaminated food and water sources. Through this structured layout, the table provides a clear and educational breakdown of the various hepatitis-related pathogens, their clinical manifestations, and the vulnerability of different demographic groups to these infectious agents.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Lepromatous Form (cutaneous form)\nNodular lesions (diffuse)\nMultibacillary (abundant)\nStrong antibody response; defective CMI\nPatchy\nLeonine facies, clawed hands, saddle\nnose\ndeformity</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The table provides an overview of the clinical characteristics associated with the Lepromatous Form of leprosy, specifically the cutaneous presentation. This form manifests as nodular lesions that are typically diffuse in nature, indicating a more widespread involvement of the skin. Patients affected by this variant exhibit multibacillary characteristics, which signifies a high bacterial load, and they display a strong antibody response coupled with defective cell-mediated immunity (CMI). This duality in immune response illustrates a complex interaction between the immune system and the disease.

Additionally, the cutaneous manifestations lead to distinctive physical deformities that can include Leonine facies, characterized by thickened facial skin resembling a lion's appearance, as well as clawed hands and saddle nose deformity. These clinical signs highlight the severe impact of the Lepromatous Form on both physical appearance and function, emphasizing the necessity for early diagnosis and intervention. The absence of further rows in the table suggests that this specific cutaneous presentation may be a primary focus, possibly reflecting the disease's significant implications on patient quality of life and the importance of understanding its full clinical picture.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>b.\nHuman immunodeficiency virus\nWhich of the following organisms is associated with congenital or\n5.5.\ninfection?\nneonatal\nc.\nHaemophilus ducreyi\nd.\nHuman papillomavirus\nClinical Condition\nCharacteristic Symptoms\nLower Urinary Tract Infection\nUrethritis\nDysuria, frequency, urgency\nSuprapubic pain and tenderness, frequency, occasional\nCystitis\nhematuria\nMay be asymptomatic; usually malodorous urine, especially\nUrethrocystitis\nin\nwomen; incontinence\nUpper Urinary Tract Infection\nAcute Pyelonephritis\nFlank pain, fever, and chills; hematuria; (+) kidney punch</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Name:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nquestions. Write the letter of the correct answer\nCASE ANALYSIS. Read and analyze the case study, then\non the space provided.\nanswer the following\nCase: A 26-year-old sexually active female consulted a\nnor flank\nphysician because of increased\npain.\nfrequency of urination and burning sensation at the end of\nurination. There is no fever\nWhich of the following predisposing factors present in the\n1.\npredispose to development of UTI?\npatient can\na.\nFemale gender\nd.\na and c only\nb.\nAge of patient\ne.\na, b, and c\nc.\nSexual activity\nUTI is more common among females because of which of\n2.\nreasons?\nthe following\na.\nWomen have longer urethra than males.\nAnatomic variations are more commonly\nb.\nencountered in females.\nThe urethral orifice in women is closer in proximity to the\nc.\nopening than in males.\nanal\nd.\nAll of the above\nwith nosocomial infections that produces a\nWhich of the following is a gram-negative bacillus commonly\n3.\ndistinctive red pigment?\nassociated\na.\nEnterococcus faecalis\nc.\nStaphylococcus saprophyticus\nb.\nSerratia marcescens\nd.\nProteus mirabilis</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>If urine culture was done for the above given case and the colony count is\n4.4.\n97,000 cfu/hpf, what will be your interpretation?\nThe result is insignificant and just shows contamination of the</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The content surrounding the table discusses various aspects of urinary tract infections (UTIs), focusing on the clinical conditions, characteristic symptoms, and factors contributing to UTIs in individuals, particularly women. The symptoms associated with lower urinary tract infections, such as urethritis, cystitis, and urethrocystitis are outlined. Urethritis is characterized by dysuria, frequency, and urgency, while cystitis may present with suprapubic pain, tenderness, and occasional hematuria. Additionally, urethrocystitis may be asymptomatic but could involve malodorous urine, especially in women, often accompanied by incontinence. 

The table also categorizes upper urinary tract infections, with acute pyelonephritis noted for symptoms including flank pain, fever, chills, hematuria, and a positive kidney punch sign. Various case study questions provide deeper insights into the complexities of UTIs, examining factors such as gender, age, and sexual activity as predispositions for developing these infections. There are multiple-choice questions punctuating the analysis, guiding considerations of UTI causative organisms, and the significance of urine culture results, specifically interpreting a colony count of 97,000 cfu/hpf as indicative of contamination rather than a definitive infection.

Overall, the discourse and the table’s content emphasize the clinical classification of UTIs and the importance of proper diagnosis and interpretation of laboratory results to inform effective treatment strategies. This integration highlights both patient symptoms and clinical considerations necessary for healthcare professionals when addressing urinary infections.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Bacterial\nViral\nFungal\nTurbid\nClear\nSlightly turbid</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Lymphocytes;\nmay be mixed\nUsually\nUsually PMNs\nwith PMNs\nlymphocytes\nduring\nfirst 24-48 hours</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>&lt; 50% of blood\n&lt; 50% of blood\nglucose; may\nglucose; may be\nUsually normal\nbe\nmarkedly low\nmarkedly low</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Elevated\nElevated\nElevated</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Normal to\nMarkedly increased\nslightly\nElevated\nincreased</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The table presented focuses on various laboratory findings and characteristics associated with different types of infections. The first column includes an index that ranges from 0 to 4 and serves as an identifier for each row of data. Each entry in the table outlines specific laboratory markers related to infections, categorizing them into bacterial, viral, fungal, turbid, clear, and slightly turbid conditions. 

In the first row, various types of pathogens are documented, indicating the potential presence of bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, alongside physical observations of the sample, such as turbidity. The following rows detail the expected leukocyte counts and the predominant types of white blood cells observed during infection. For instance, the second row describes the presence of lymphocytes that may be mixed with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) during the initial 24 to 48 hours. The third row discusses glucose levels in the blood, indicating that in certain infections, glucose may be markedly low, with less than 50% reported, highlighting a significant difference compared to other conditions where glucose levels may be normal. 

Further down, the table indicates the presence of elevated protein levels, providing insights into the type of infection. For instance, while protein levels are typically normal or slightly elevated in some cases, they can be markedly increased in severe infections. This pattern of laboratory findings emphasizes the critical role of various parameters in diagnosing and differentiating between types of infections, guiding clinicians in their management and treatment strategies. The context provided regarding exposure categories and disease management connects to this table by highlighting how different infectious agents, such as those leading to erythema nodosum leprosum or different forms of rabies, may also reflect unique laboratory profiles, thereby reinforcing the importance of tailored diagnostic approaches based on potential exposure and clinical presentation.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Tick-borne virus\nPowassan virus</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Others</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Measles virus</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Rubella virus</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Mumps virus</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Rabies virus</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The table outlines various viruses associated with specific diseases, showcasing a list that includes the Powassan virus, along with other important viral agents such as the measles virus, rubella virus, mumps virus, and rabies virus. Each entry corresponds to a unique identifier within the table, although there may be some missing information, as indicated by the empty cells towards the end of the table. The organization of the table appears to categorize these viruses without additional context regarding their transmission or epidemiological significance, focusing mainly on the identification of these viral pathogens.

In the surrounding context, discussions about rabies exposures provide crucial information about management categories based on the nature of the exposure involved. For instance, the categories of exposure (I, II, and III) relate to instances such as feeding or touching an animal, nibbling of uncovered skin, and transdermal bites, respectively. Each category outlines specific management practices, emphasizing the importance of immediate action such as washing wounds and beginning vaccination protocols in cases of more severe exposure. This thorough approach addresses public health concerns related to viral infections and articulates clear steps for healthcare providers and individuals to mitigate the risk of transmission, particularly in high-stakes scenarios like rabies exposure.

Additionally, the inclusion of tick-borne viruses and the mention of various vaccines suggests a broader context that encompasses different vectors and types of exposures. While rabies has been highlighted within the context for its significant public health implications, the presence of other viruses indicates a comprehensive overview of viral threats, allowing healthcare professionals to understand various pathogens and the corresponding responses required for effective public health management.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
      <th>1</th>
      <th>2</th>
      <th>3</th>
      <th>4</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>a.\nMeasles virus\nc.\nAdenovirus\nWhich of the following produces a purulent conjunctivitis\n5.5.\ntransmitted by gnats?\nthat may be\nb.\nHerpes simplex virus\nd.\nEnterovirus 70\nNormal\nBacterial\nViral\nFungal\nWatery and\nAppearance\nTurbid\nClear\nSlightly turbid\nclear</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Lymphocytes;\nmay be mixed\nPredominant\nUsually\nAll lymphocytes\nUsually PMNs\nwith PMNs\ncell types\nlymphocytes\nduring\nfirst 24-48 hours</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>&lt; 50% of blood\n2.5–3.5 mmol/L\n&lt; 50% of blood\nglucose; may\nGlucose\n(50% of blood\nglucose; may be\nUsually normal\nbe\nglucose)\nmarkedly low\nmarkedly low</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Protein (g/L)\n&lt; 40 mg/dL\nElevated\nElevated\nElevated</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Normal to\n0–5 (all\nWBC\nMarkedly increased\nslightly\nElevated\nmononuclear)\nincreased</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Enteroviruses\nTick-borne virus\nPoliovirus\nPowassan virus</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>Coxsackievirus\nOthers</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Herpesviruses\nMeasles virus</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>HSV type 1 and type 2\nRubella virus</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>Epstein-Barr Virus\nMumps virus</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td>Varicella Zoster Virus\nRabies virus</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td>Mosquito-borne\nviruses</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>12</th>
      <td>Togaviruses</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>13</th>
      <td>Flaviviruses</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>14</th>
      <td>Tuberculoid Form (neural\nLepromatous Form (cutaneous form)\nform)\nSkin Lesions\nHypopigmented lesions\nNodular lesions (diffuse)</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>15</th>
      <td>Amount of bacilli\nin\nPaucibacillary (very few)\nMultibacillary (abundant)\nlesions</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>16</th>
      <td>Immune response\nStrong CMI reaction\nStrong antibody response; defective CMI</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>17</th>
      <td>Sensory loss\nComplete\nPatchy</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>18</th>
      <td>Leonine facies, clawed hands, saddle\nDisfigurement\nNone\nnose\ndeformity</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>19</th>
      <td>Tuberculoid Form (neural\nLepromatous Form (cutaneous form)\nform)\nLepromin test\nPositive\nNegative</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>20</th>
      <td>Infectivity\nLow\nHigh</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The table presents a comprehensive comparison of various clinical and laboratory features associated with different types of viral and bacterial infections, particularly focusing on purulent conjunctivitis and leprosy forms. It is structured into multiple rows and columns, with the first column detailing specific laboratory findings and clinical characteristics alongside the respective conditions. Starting with the appearance of conjunctival exudates, the table categorizes these findings into normal, bacterial, viral, and fungal with varying turbidities, reflecting the presence of different types of infections.

The subsequent rows continue to outline pertinent clinical information, including the predominant white blood cell (WBC) types observed during infection. For instance, it notes that lymphocytes might be mixed with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) during the initial hours of infection. The table also provides details about blood glucose levels, protein concentrations, and the immune response involved in the respective infections. It notes typical laboratory values such as glucose levels being markedly low in certain viral infections, while protein levels are generally elevated. 

Furthermore, the latter part of the table transitions to a more focused discussion on the forms of leprosy, distinguishing between tuberculoid and lepromatous forms. It elaborates on clinical manifestations such as skin lesions, sensory loss, and the overall immune response. For example, the tuberculoid form is characterized by hypopigmented skin lesions and a strong cell-mediated immune (CMI) response, while the lepromatous form features nodular lesions and a high bacillary load, accompanied by a defective CMI response. The lepromin test and levels of infectivity further distinguish these forms, providing a holistic view of the pathophysiology and clinical implications associated with these diseases.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Management\nWash exposed skin immediately with soap\nand water.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Pre-exposure prophylaxis may be\nconsidered</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>for high-risk persons.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The table provides crucial information related to the management and prevention of viral infections transmitted by mosquitoes, particularly in the context of illnesses like St. Louis Encephalitis and California Encephalitis. The table outlines several key recommendations for managing exposure to these vector-borne diseases.

In the first row, it highlights the immediate action to take if a person is exposed to potentially infectious conditions, stressing the importance of hygiene by recommending that the exposed skin be washed immediately with soap and water. This immediate measure plays a vital role in reducing the risk of virus transmission. Following this, the second row suggests that pre-exposure prophylaxis should be considered, particularly for individuals who are at high risk of contracting these diseases. This proactive step is essential in preventing infection before exposure occurs, especially for those in areas where outbreaks of mosquito-borne viruses are more likely.

The third row further emphasizes that pre-exposure prophylaxis is particularly targeted at high-risk persons, ensuring that those most vulnerable, potentially due to underlying health conditions or frequent mosquito exposure, are given prioritized preventive measures. The table succinctly outlines these recommendations, serving as a quick reference for healthcare professionals and individuals concerned about the threat of mosquito-borne viral infections. Overall, this information is crucial in the context of public health, particularly given the severe implications associated with diseases such as St. Louis and California encephalitis.


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      <th>1</th>
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      <th>0</th>
      <td>Cold-loving\nwhich of the following organisms causing bacterial\n4.4.\nmeningitis?\ndissemination of\nc.\nInfects immunocompetent individuals\nd.\nconcentration\nGrowth in increased CO2\n6.\nlepromatous leprosy?\na.\nIntact cell-mediated immunity\nb.\nSaddle nose deformity\nc.\nNumerous bacilli in lesions\nd.\nNegative lepromin skin test\n7.\nfollowing?\na.\nc.\nClostridium botulinum\nMycobacterium leprae\nb.\nd.\nPoliovirus\na and b only\n8.\nmedulla?\na.\nc.\nAsymptomatic infection\nNon-paralytic poliomyelitis\nb.\nd.\nBulbar poliomyelitis\nPost-poliomyelitis syndrome\n9.\ncategory of rabies exposure?\na.\nc.\nCategory I\nCategory III\nb.\nd.\nCategory II\nCategories II and III\n10.\nencephalitis?\na.\nc.\nJapanese B encephalitis\nEastern equine encephalitis\nb.\nd.\nYellow fever\nSt. Louis encephalitis\nFeatures\nRubeola\nRubella\nCommon name\nMeasles\nGerman measles</td>
      <td>Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is a consequence of\nWhich of the following is more a feature of tuberculoid leprosy than\nFlaccid paralysis is a feature of infection caused by which of the\nWhich form of poliomyelitis involves the respiratory center in the\nAdministration of rabies vaccine and RIG is recommended for which\nInfection with which of the following viral causes does not cause</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Etiology\nParamyxovirus\nTogavirus</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Mode/s of transmission\nInhalation of droplets\nInhalation, transplacental</td>
      <td></td>
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      <th>4</th>
      <td>Fever\nPresent\nPresent</td>
      <td></td>
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      <th>5</th>
      <td>Present; conjunctivitis\nCough and coryza absent;\n3 Cs (coryza, cough,\nwith\nconjunctivitis without\nconjunctivitis)\nphotophobia\nphotophobia</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
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      <th>6</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The table provides an overview of the features and characteristics associated with two viral diseases: Rubeola (Measles) and Rubella (German measles). These characteristics encompass various parameters like etiology, mode of transmission, presence of fever, and the associated symptoms. The etiology details indicate that Rubeola is caused by the Paramyxovirus, while Rubella is attributed to the Togavirus. 

Transmission modes for Rubeola include inhalation of droplets, while for Rubella, both inhalation and transplacental transmission are mentioned. Fever is present in both conditions, signifying a common response in these viral infections. Additionally, the symptomatology highlights that Rubeola presents with notable symptoms, such as the classic “3 Cs,” which are conjunctivitis, cough, and coryza, with an emphasis on the presence of photophobia. In contrast, Rubella symptoms are milder, characterized by the absence of the “3 Cs.”

The table appears to be part of a larger content context related to a clinical case analysis involving a patient with vesicular rashes on the trunk. It further suggests the need for healthcare professionals to differentiate among several contagious diseases based on their respective clinical features, such as determining whether the patient has chickenpox, shingles, German measles, or herpes simplex infection. The distinct modes of transmission and associated clinical manifestations outlined in the table serve as critical elements for making informed diagnoses in cases resembling the provided clinical scenario.


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      <td>Management\nWash wound with soap and water.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Start vaccine immediately.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Complete vaccination regimen until Day 7\nregardless of status of biting animal.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>RIG is not indicated.</td>
    </tr>
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      <th>4</th>
      <td>Wash wound with soap and water.</td>
    </tr>
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      <th>5</th>
      <td>Start the vaccine and RIG immediately.</td>
    </tr>
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      <th>6</th>
      <td>Complete vaccination until Day 7\nregardless\nof the status of the biting animal.</td>
    </tr>
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      <th>7</th>
      <td></td>
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      <th>8</th>
      <td></td>
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      <th>9</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
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      <th>11</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
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      <th>12</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The provided table outlines the management protocol for handling animal bites, particularly those that could potentially result in rabies exposure. Each row in the table presents a specific action that should be taken, suggested by the index number at the beginning of each row. The first row emphasizes the necessity of washing the wound with soap and water, an essential first step that helps reduce the risk of infection. 

Moving down the table, the recommendations continue to highlight immediate actions such as initiating the rabies vaccine promptly, followed by completing the vaccination regimen up to Day 7, regardless of the animal's biting status. The table also includes a note that Rabies Immune Globulin (RIG) is not indicated in some cases, while in others, it suggests starting the vaccine and RIG immediately, reiterating the need for careful assessment of the situation. Despite the important information, several rows in the table are empty, indicating that not all scenarios or recommendations are elaborated upon in this particular dataset. 

These management steps are crucial in the context of the related case analysis concerning a child exhibiting symptoms suggestive of an infection that could have a viral origin, as highlighted by the surrounding text. Although the relationship between animal bites and complications like those seen in encephalitis cases is indirectly referenced, effective wound management remains a foundational aspect of preventing severe outcomes from infections, including those that might stem from vector-borne diseases like the St. Louis or California encephalitis linked to Culex mosquitoes. This context underscores the importance of swift and appropriate intervention in pediatric emergency medicine to mitigate the progression of potentially dangerous conditions.


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      <td>Chikungunya\nAlphavirus - Flavivirus</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Aedes aegypti (rural)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Aedes albopictus\n(urban)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>2–4 days</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>All ages</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>70%</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Present</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>Mild</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>Present</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td>Absent</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td>More severe</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>12</th>
      <td>Crippling arthritis</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>13</th>
      <td>None</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The table presented contains information related to Chikungunya, a viral infection caused by the Chikungunya virus, which belongs to the Alphavirus family within the broader Flavivirus group. The primary vector associated with the transmission of this virus is the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is prevalent in rural areas, while the Aedes albopictus mosquito is often found in urban settings. The incubation period for Chikungunya is typically between 2 to 4 days, and it can affect individuals of all ages.

In terms of symptomatology, around 70% of infected individuals exhibit symptoms, which include the presence of fever and severe muscle pain. While the condition is described as mild for most patients, it can lead to more severe health complications, such as debilitating arthritis. The table also notes that certain symptoms, such as fever and rash, may be present, while other symptoms, possibly indicating a more serious infection, are absent. The occurrence of crippling arthritis is a notable after-effect that can persist after the acute phase of the disease, underscoring the potential long-term implications for affected individuals.


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      <td>Rubella\nGerman measles</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Togavirus</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Inhalation, transplacental</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Present</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Cough and coryza absent;\nconjunctivitis without\nphotophobia</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The provided table presents information pertinent to Rubella, commonly known as German measles. The first row identifies the condition, clearly naming it Rubella, indicating its status as an infectious disease. The next entry specifies the causative agent, which is identified as Togavirus, highlighting the type of virus responsible for causing this condition. This is essential information in understanding the etiology of the disease.

Subsequent rows detail the modes of transmission, indicating that Rubella can be spread through inhalation and transplacental pathways, emphasizing the potential for transmission from mother to fetus during pregnancy, which can have serious consequences. Another aspect addressed in the table is the presence of specific symptoms and clinical findings. It indicates the presence of conjunctivitis without photophobia, alongside the note that symptoms such as cough and coryza are absent. This distinction is important for differentiating Rubella from other similar viral infections, aiding in clinical diagnosis.

The table's structured format allows for easy reference and comparison of symptoms and causal factors, which is particularly advantageous in a clinical setting. Given the surrounding context focusing on a case study involving skin conditions and the clinical examination of a patient with vesicular rashes, the information presented in the table provides key insights into the differential diagnosis process, especially concerning viral illnesses like Rubella. This connection between the clinical details and the tabulated data underlines the importance of understanding the characteristics of various infectious diseases in real-world case analysis.


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      <td>Variola\nSmallpox</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Inhalation, direct contact</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Vesicular</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Lesions appear one stage at a\ntime</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Common</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>Generally severe and fatal</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>Yes</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The provided table appears to summarize key characteristics of Variola, the causative agent of smallpox. This information is crucial when differentiating smallpox from other viral infections discussed in the surrounding context, such as chickenpox, rubella, and roseola infantum. The first entry indicates that Variola, or smallpox, is primarily transmitted through inhalation or direct contact, which aligns with the high transmissibility of the virus noted in clinical settings.

The subsequent characteristics highlight that the lesions associated with smallpox are vesicular in nature, appearing in a distinctly staged manner. This means that the rash develops progressively, in contrast to other infections that may show generalized or simultaneous rash patterns. Furthermore, the table indicates that smallpox infections are generally severe and can result in fatal outcomes, underscoring the seriousness of this disease compared to others that may be more benign, or that may present different clinical features such as those mentioned in the questions of the context, like "slapped cheek" appearance in erythrema infectiosum.

Another notable point in the table is the mention of vaccine availability. It indicates that there is no vaccine available specifically against Variola in the context provided, although historically, vaccination efforts have led to the disease's eradication. This characteristic stands in contrast to previous references to other viral infections, many of which have available vaccines, which clinicians must keep in mind while assessing patients presenting with similar symptoms. Overall, the information encapsulated in the table supports the differentiation of smallpox from other viral infections highlighted in the surrounding questions and also aligns with the broader discussion on viral infections and their presentations in clinical practice.


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      <td>Exanthem\nMaculopapular\nMaculopapular\nFeatures\nRubeola\nRubella\nBranny desquamation\nYes\nNo</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Lymphadenopathy\nNone\nPresent</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Arthralgia\nNone\nPresent</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Congenital infection\nNo\nYes</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Vaccine\nYes\nYes</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Features\nVaricella\nVariola\nCommon name\nChickenpox\nSmallpox</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>Mode of transmission\nInhalation, direct contact\nInhalation, direct contact</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Exanthem\nVesicular\nVesicular</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>Lesions appear one stage at a\nEruption of lesions\nCrops of different stages\ntime</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>Scar formation\nRare\nCommon</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td>Latency\nYes\nNo</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td>Severity\nChildren: mild, self-limited\nGenerally severe and fatal</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>12</th>
      <td>Adults: severe</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>13</th>
      <td>Vaccine\nYes\nYes\nName:\nSection:\nDate:\nquestions. Write the letter of the correct\nanswer on the space provided.\nonly on one side of her trunk, which were\nvery painful, hence the consult.\nRR:\nPhysical examination: Temp: 38 °C\n18/minute\nSkin:\ndistribution\nChest and Lungs:\nwheezes.\nThe rest of the physical examination findings\nwere unremarkable.\nWhich of the following will be your primary\n1.\nconsideration?\nGerman\na.\nChickenpox\nc.\nmeasles\nb.\nShingles\nd.</td>
      <td>Score:\nfields. No</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The table provides a comparative overview of features related to several viral infections, specifically Rubeola (measles), Rubella (German measles), Varicella (chickenpox), and Variola (smallpox). Each row highlights distinct characteristics of these conditions, categorizing them in terms of various associated features. For instance, it discusses the presence of maculopapular exanthems, noting that Rubeola exhibits branny desquamation while Rubella does not. Lymphadenopathy is categorized as absent in Rubeola but present in Rubella, and the occurrence of arthralgia is similarly noted as absent in Rubeola while present in Rubella.

The table further contrasts the possibility of congenital infection: it states that Rubeola does not lead to congenital infections, while Rubella does. Interestingly, both viruses have vaccines available, demonstrating a common preventive measure against their spread. Other viral infections like Varicella and Variola are included towards the end, where the table outlines their respective common names and symptomatic differences, such as the nature of skin lesions which are vesicular in both cases, but which exhibit different timelines and stages of eruption. 

Additionally, there are distinctions in transmission modes and disease severity. The modes of transmission for both Varicella and Variola involve inhalation and direct contact, while the table notes the severity differences between the infections; Rubeola typically presents as mild in children while Variola is often severe and potentially fatal regardless of age. This comprehensive comparison aids in understanding the clinical features, complexities, and implications of these viral infections, giving insight into their management and the importance of vaccination in public health.


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      <td>MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided.\nWhich of the following is correct regarding the electron microscope?</td>
    </tr>
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      <th>1</th>
      <td>a.\nIt utilizes transmitted light as the source of illumination.</td>
    </tr>
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      <th>2</th>
      <td>b.\nIt can magnify an object up to 1,000 times its size.</td>
    </tr>
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      <th>3</th>
      <td>c.\nObjectives are used to focus the beam of light to the object.</td>
    </tr>
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      <th>4</th>
      <td>d.\nIt is used to visualize viruses and the subcellular structures of a\ncell.</td>
    </tr>
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      <th>5</th>
      <td>Which type of microscope is used to study molecular and atomic\nshapes of an organism on a nanoscale and determine variations in\ntemperature inside the cell?</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>a.\nElectron microscope\nc.\nConfocal microscope</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>b.\nScanning probe microscope\nd.\nPhase-contrast microscope</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>Which of the following types of microscopes is useful in studying the\nphysiology of the cell?</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The content presented in the table is structured in a multiple-choice format, focusing on various types of microscopes and their characteristics. The first inquiry seeks to identify the correct statement regarding the electron microscope, with four options provided. Option 'a' claims that the electron microscope utilizes transmitted light as its source of illumination, which is incorrect as electron microscopes use electrons rather than light for imaging. Option 'b' states that it can magnify an object up to 1,000 times its size, which also misrepresents the capabilities of electron microscopes, as they can achieve much higher magnifications. Option 'c' notes that objectives are used to focus a beam of light onto the object, which again doesn't apply to electron microscopes. The correct answer, represented by option 'd', emphasizes the electron microscope's ability to visualize viruses and subcellular structures, highlighting its significance in microbiology and cellular studies.

The table continues with additional questions that address the specific types of microscopes suitable for different applications. The second question asks which microscope is adept at studying molecular and atomic structures on a nanoscale and assessing variations in temperature within a cell. The options include 'a' for electron microscope, 'b' for scanning probe microscope, 'c' for confocal microscope, and 'd' for phase-contrast microscope. This illustrates a diverse range of microscopy techniques and their respective purposes, which are essential for researchers in the field of microbiology and cellular biology. The responses encourage students to discern the specialized functionalities of different microscopes, enhancing their understanding of microscopy's role in scientific exploration. The table effectively serves as a study tool for students to engage with the material while also preparing them for examinations on these crucial topics.


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      <td>Fifth disease is caused by which of the\n9.\nwill differentiate the patient's\n3.3.\ncondition from the primary infection\n(chickenpox)?\na.\nRubeola virus\nc.\nb.\nRubella virus\nd.\n10.\na.\nChickenpox\nc.\nb.\nParvovirus B19\nd.\nFeatures\nDengue Fever\nChikungunya\nEtiology\nAlphavirus - Flavivirus\nDengue Virus - Flavivirus</td>
      <td>Parvovirus B19\nVaricella-zoster virus\nWhich of the following has been eradicated\ndue to success of the vaccine?\nRubella\nSmallpox</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Vector\nAedes aegypti (rural)\nAedes aegypti (rural)</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Aedes albopictus\nAedes albopictus\n(urban)\n(urban)</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Incubation Period\n2–7 days\n2–4 days</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Age Group\nAll ages\nAll ages</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>% Symptomatic\n20–60%\n70%</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Symptoms</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
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      <th>8</th>
      <td>Fever\nPresent\nPresent</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>Headache\nSevere\nMild</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td>Rash\nPresent\nPresent</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td>Retroorbital pain\nPresent\nAbsent</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>12</th>
      <td>Joint pain\nPresent\nMore severe</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>13</th>
      <td>Sequelae\nDHF or DSS\nCrippling arthritis</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>14</th>
      <td>Vaccine\nYes\nNone</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>15</th>
      <td>Infectious\nMononucleosis-like\nFeatures\nMononucleosis\nSyndrome (CMV)\n(EBV)\nEtiology\nCytomegalovirus\nEpstein-Barr Virus\nMode of transmission\nOral secretions\nOral secretions\nFever + lymphadenopathy\nPresent but milder\nPresent\nSore throat\nPresent but milder\nPresent\nHepatosplenomegaly\nPresent\nPresent\nLymphocytosis\nPresent\nPresent\nAtypical lymphocytes\nPresent\nPresent\nHeterophil antibody test\nNegative\nPositive\nDisease\nEtiology\nVector</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The table presents a comparative overview of two viral diseases: Dengue Fever and Chikungunya. Both conditions are caused by viruses within the Flavivirus family, with Dengue caused specifically by the Dengue Virus and Chikungunya attributed to an Alphavirus. Notably, the vectors responsible for transmitting these diseases are primarily the Aedes aegypti mosquito, particularly in rural settings, as well as Aedes albopictus, especially in urban areas.

In terms of their clinical features, the table lays out several key differences between the two diseases. The incubation period for Dengue Fever ranges from 2 to 7 days, while Chikungunya presents a shorter incubation period of 2 to 4 days. Both diseases can affect individuals across all age groups, although their symptomatic nature varies significantly. Approximately 20% to 60% of Dengue patients exhibit symptoms, compared to about 70% of those infected with Chikungunya. The symptomatology also differs; fever is consistently present in both conditions, but Dengue typically features more severe headaches, retroorbital pain, and joint pain, which may be more pronounced in Chikungunya. Additionally, while both conditions can lead to a rash, Dengue carries risks for more severe outcomes like dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), whereas Chikungunya is noted for the potential long-term consequence of crippling arthritis.

A notable aspect of the comparison is the availability of vaccines. There is a vaccine for Dengue, which is not the case for Chikungunya. The infectious features of each virus also emphasize their distinctive nature; Dengue exhibits mononucleosis-like features, while the infectious features of Chikungunya do not follow this pattern. This table serves as an essential resource for understanding the epidemiological and clinical distinctions between Dengue and Chikungunya, guiding healthcare professionals in diagnosis and treatment approaches.


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      <td>MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\na.\nprovided.\nConfocal microscope\nb.\nBrightfield microscope\nc.\nInterference contrast microscope\nd.\nFluorescence microscope\nWhich of the following statements is correct regarding the darkfield\n4.\nmicroscope?\na.\nIt is used to demonstrate viruses.\nb.\nIt utilizes transmitted light.\nc.\nThe specimen appears bright against a dark background.\nd.\nIt has a contrast-enhancing optical technique.\nWhich of the following types of microscopes makes use of ultraviolet\n5.\nlight and fluorescent dyes?\na.\nPhase-contrast microscope\nb.\nFluorescence microscope\nc.\nInterference contrast microscope\nd.\nCompound microscope</td>
      <td></td>
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      <td>Name:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>15</th>
      <td>Eukaryotic\nProkaryotic\nFeatures\nCell\nCell\nNucleus enclosed by nuclear\nmembrane\nLarger ribosome\nMembrane-bound organelles\nComplex cell wall\nMostly unicellular\nCharacteristic\nBacteria\nFungi\nViruses\nProtozoa\nAcellular\nErgosterol in the\ncell\nmembrane\nProkaryotic</td>
      <td>Algae</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The content surrounding the table appears to focus on various techniques in microbiology, including details on staining methods and microscope types. Within this context, the table presents multiple-choice questions that test knowledge related to microscopy and cell classification based on structure and function. The format suggests it's designed for an educational setting, possibly to help nursing or microbiology students assess their understanding of these concepts.

In the initial section of the table, questions lead the student to identify correct statements regarding different types of microscopes, such as confocal, brightfield, interference contrast, and fluorescence. There’s a specific mention of the darkfield microscope, asking which statement accurately describes its function. The questions seem structured to reinforce crucial knowledge about microscopy techniques, such as how certain microscopes utilize light and how the specimen appears, which is particularly significant in microbiological studies where visibility of small organisms is key.

As we progress through the table, features distinguishing between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are highlighted, emphasizing characteristics like the presence of a nuclear membrane, ribosome size, and organelle complexity. Additionally, the table also categorizes different biological entities such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and algae, delving into cellular and structural specifics. It draws attention to features typical for each group, such as eukaryotic features found in fungi and algae versus the prokaryotic characteristics of bacteria and viruses. The combination of this information not only serves to educate but also to challenge students on their understanding of key microbiological principles.


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<table border="1" class="dataframe">
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      <td>Gram-positive Cell\nGram-negative Cell\nFeatures\nWallWall\nWallWall\nMultilayered\npeptidoglycan</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Porins (protein\nchannels)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Teichoic acid</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Lipopolysaccharide\ncomplexes</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Outer membrane</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The table presents a comparison between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells, detailing their structural features. In the first row, it highlights a key distinction in the composition of their cell walls. Gram-positive cells are characterized by a multilayered peptidoglycan wall, which provides strength and rigidity, while Gram-negative cells have a distinct structural feature that includes the presence of an outer membrane in addition to their peptidoglycan layer.

The subsequent rows elaborate on specific components found in these bacterial walls. The second row indicates that Gram-negative cells contain porins, which are protein channels that facilitate the passage of molecules across the outer membrane. This feature is absent in Gram-positive cells, which rely solely on their thick peptidoglycan layer for structural integrity.

Further distinctions are made with the mention of teichoic acid, which is specific to Gram-positive bacteria and plays a role in the bacteria's adherence and function. The table also notes the presence of lipopolysaccharide complexes in Gram-negative cells, a crucial component that contributes to their structural complexity and can influence pathogenicity. Overall, this comparative overview elucidates the significant differences in the anatomy of these two types of bacteria, which are essential for understanding their behavior, interaction with environments, and implications in various fields such as microbiology and healthcare.


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<table border="1" class="dataframe">
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      <td>It is a method of sterilization that involves the physical separation of\nmicroorganisms from the fluid.\nThis method is utilized to deprive the organisms of moisture.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>This method is used to destroy disease-causing microorganisms in milk,\nmilk products, food, and beverages.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>At 15 psi, the temperature reaches 121°C, requiring only 15–20 minutes to\nsterilize the material.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>The material to be sterilized is exposed to live steam for 30 minutes for\n3 consecutive days.</td>
    </tr>
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      <th>4</th>
      <td>This chemical agent is used as a standard for evaluating new chemical\nagents.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>This chemical agent is used as water disinfectant.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>This chemical agent is a phenol derivative that is less toxic and more\npotent\nthan phenol.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>It is considered the best antiseptic.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>It is used as prophylaxis for ophthalmia neonatorum.</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The content presents a table that details various sterilization and disinfection methods and their characteristics. The first row of the table outlines a method of sterilization that employs the physical separation of microorganisms from liquids, aimed at removing moisture from the organisms to enhance the sterilization process. This is particularly significant in microbiological practices where the reduction of microbial contamination is paramount. 

The subsequent entries in the table delineate specific applications and conditions related to the sterilization methods. For instance, one of the methods is highlighted as effective for destroying pathogenic microorganisms found in milk and other food products. This reflects the importance of ensuring food safety and public health standards. Additionally, the table notes that at a pressure of 15 psi, the temperature can reach 121°C, requiring a sterilization duration of merely 15 to 20 minutes, indicating efficiency in the process. Furthermore, another entry describes a method whereby the material is subjected to live steam for 30 minutes over three consecutive days, showcasing a different approach to achieving sterility.

The table also discusses various chemical agents utilized in disinfection. One entry identifies a standard chemical agent used for evaluating new disinfectants, emphasizing its significance in maintaining consistent disinfection protocols. Another chemical agent is described as a water disinfectant, which is crucial in ensuring safe drinking water. Notably, a phenol derivative mentioned is characterized as being less toxic and more potent than traditional phenol, marking advancements in disinfectant formulations. Lastly, the table notes the best antiseptic, which is vital in clinical settings, and mentions its use in prophylactic measures for conditions such as ophthalmia neonatorum, underlining its role in preventive healthcare.


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<table border="1" class="dataframe">
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      <td>C.C.\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided.\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n--</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Name:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Growth\nObtained\nEscherichia\nExposure to Heat\nBacillus subtilis\ncoli\nAutoclave at 15 psi for 15\nminutes\nBoiling water for 30 minutes\nHeating at 60 °C for 1 hour</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Chemical Agent\nGrowth Observed\nControl\n1:1000 Zephiran\n70% alcohol\nProvidone-iodine</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>It is a method of sterilization that involves the physical separation of\n1.1.\nmicroorganisms from the fluid.\n2.\nThis method is utilized to deprive the organisms of moisture.\nThis method is used to destroy disease-causing microorganisms in milk,\n3.\nmilk products, food, and beverages.\nAt 15 psi, the temperature reaches 121°C, requiring only 15–20 minutes to\n4.\nsterilize the material.\nThe material to be sterilized is exposed to live steam for 30 minutes for\n5.\n3 consecutive days.\nThis chemical agent is used as a standard for evaluating new chemical\n6.\nagents.\n7.\nThis chemical agent is used as water disinfectant.\nThis chemical agent is a phenol derivative that is less toxic and more\n8.\npotent\nthan phenol.\n9.\nIt is considered the best antiseptic.\n10.\nIt is used as prophylaxis for ophthalmia neonatorum.</td>
      <td></td>
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      <th>12</th>
      <td></td>
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    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>13</th>
      <td>Name:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>14</th>
      <td>1.1.\nLophotrichous\nPeritrichous\nAmphitrichous\nMonotrichous</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The information presented in the HTML table incorporates various topics relevant to nursing and microbiology, particularly focusing on methods of sterilization and bacterial characteristics. It begins with a multiple-choice section denoted by "C.C." where the participant is instructed to write the letter of the correct answer in the designated space. This section is followed by lines allocated for personal details such as the name, score, section, and date, indicating that this might be part of a quiz or assessment.

As the table progresses, it includes detailed entries related to bacterial growth and the impact of heat on specific organisms, specifically Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The methods of sterilization discussed involve autoclaving at 15 psi for 15 minutes, boiling water for 30 minutes, and heating at 60 °C for one hour, illustrating different thermal treatments to eliminate microbial growth. Moreover, it delves into various chemical agents and their effectiveness in preventing growth, highlighting concentrations of chemical agents like 1:1000 Zephiran and 70% alcohol, alongside their role as disinfectants.

Furthermore, the table presents descriptors commonly associated with bacterial morphology, such as "Lophotrichous," "Peritrichous," "Amphitrichous," and "Monotrichous," showcasing the different arrangements of flagella which classify bacterial movement patterns. This comprehensive compilation not only facilitates understanding but also aids in practical applications within sterile processing and microbiological examinations. The inclusion of context and instructions signals that this table serves a dual purpose: to educate individuals on essential microbiological principles and to assess their understanding in a structured format.


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      <th>0</th>
      <td>Obligate\nCharacteristic\nBacteria\nFungi\nViruses\nProtozoa\nAlgae\nintracellular\nparasite\nExist as cyst and/or\ntrophozoite\nDinoflagellates</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Name:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nIndicate the function of the different reagents used in Gram staining given in\nB.B.\nthe\ntable below, and the expected result. Write the letter/number corresponding to\nyour answer.\nExpected Result\nReagent\nFunction\nGram-positive\nGram-negative\nCrystal violet\nGram's iodine\n95% Alcohol\nSafranin\nGram-positive Cell\nGram-negative Cell\nFeatures\nWallWall\nWallWall\nMultilayered\npeptidoglycan</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Porins (protein\nchannels)</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Teichoic acid</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Lipopolysaccharide\ncomplexes</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Outer membrane</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>Name:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nDifferentiate between the two methods of acid-fast staining by filling out the\nB.B.\ntable\nbelow with the letter/number corresponding to your answer.\nEXPECTED RESULT\nREAGENT\nFUNCTION\nZiehl-Neelsen\nKinyoun\nCarbolfuchsin\nAcid alcohol\nSafranin</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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In the provided content, there is a table that categorizes various microorganisms and depicts their characteristics, alongside an explanation of the reagents used in Gram staining. This classification displays the distinguishing features of obligate bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, algae, intracellular parasites, and dinoflagellates. Each of these microorganisms is placed under the heading "Characteristic," suggesting that the table serves as a reference or guide for understanding the fundamental biological differences between them. For instance, it notes that some protozoa may exist as cysts and/or trophozoites, which reflects the complexity in their life cycles.

Additionally, the context refers to Gram staining, a critical method in microbiology used to differentiate bacterial species based on the composition of their cell walls. The table lists specific reagents involved in the Gram staining process, including crystal violet, Gram's iodine, 95% alcohol, and safranin. Each reagent is pinpointed for its function during the staining procedure, highlighting how they interact with Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells. For instance, crystal violet and Gram's iodine serve a crucial role in identifying Gram-positive cells, which possess a multilayered peptidoglycan wall, while 95% alcohol acts as a decolorizing agent.

The table also subtly illustrates the significance of understanding bacteriological components like porins, teichoic acids, and lipopolysaccharide complexes, which are essential for comprehending the varying susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics and their overall pathogenicity. It draws a clear connection between the characteristics of microorganisms and the methodologies used to identify or study them in a laboratory setting, underpinning the fundamental concepts in microbiology education.


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<table border="1" class="dataframe">
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      <th>0</th>
      <td>Column B\na.\nSigns and symptoms of the</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>patient start to decline</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>b.\nPeriod of maximal invasion</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>c.\nRecovery period</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>d.\nEarly but mild symptoms;\nusually\nnon-specific manifestations</td>
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    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>e.</td>
    </tr>
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</table>


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The table presented contains a classification related to the progression of infectious diseases, detailing various stages that occur from the initial entry of a pathogen to the manifestation of symptoms in a patient. Each row corresponds to different stages or characteristics of the disease documented numerically in Column A, while Column B provides detailed descriptions of these stages using letters for easier reference.

Starting with the first entry, it notes that signs and symptoms emerge as a patient begins to decline in health. This indicates the onset of clinical manifestations. The next entry characterizes the period of maximal invasion, which typically represents the peak of pathogen activity within the host. Following this, a recovery period is highlighted, suggesting a phase where the individual begins to recuperate from the illness. Additionally, one entry describes initial symptoms as being early but mild, often presenting as non-specific manifestations that may not distinctly indicate the underlying infection.

Overall, the arrangement of this table effectively outlines the timeline and nature of disease progression, illustrating how patients may first experience vague symptoms before reaching a peak in illness and later potentially transitioning into a recovery phase. This structured depiction aids in understanding how infectious diseases unfold in a clinical setting, providing essential insights for nursing and medical professionals.


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<table border="1" class="dataframe">
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      <th>0</th>
      <td>Column B\nInsects that transmit infection</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>Presence of bacteria in the\nblood</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Person harboring the organism</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>without signs and symptoms of</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>the disease</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Hospital-acquired infections</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>a p\nA disease constantly present in\nopulation at low levels</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>Inanimate object which can\ncarry</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>microorganisms</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>Multiplying bacteria in the\nbloodstream</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td>Biological substances that can\ncarry organisms</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td>Presence of viruses in the\nbloodstream</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>12</th>
      <td>Infection that always leads to\ndeath</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>13</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


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The provided table appears to convey a range of definitions and descriptions relevant to microbiology and infectious diseases, organized into a structured format. The table is primarily focused on various terms associated with infections, their vectors, and the presence of microorganisms in the bloodstream, along with the types of organisms that can act as carriers of these infections. 

Beginning with the definitions, the first row indicates the general concept of "Column B" as encompassing insects that transmit infections. Following this, several entries detail specific terminologies. For example, the term "Presence of bacteria in the blood" is listed alongside other important concepts such as "Hospital-acquired infections," and "Multiplying bacteria in the bloodstream." This sequence emphasizes significant aspects of infection and the critical roles of vectors in the transmission of diseases, capturing both prevalent and lethal conditions caused by microbial agents.

Additionally, the table highlights the importance of reservoirs or hosts for infectious agents, noting entries like "Person harboring the organism without signs and symptoms of the disease." This underlines the complexity of transmission dynamics, where asymptomatic individuals can participate in spreading infections. Other definitions encompass the critical nature of biological substances that can carry organisms, as well as the distinction between presence and infection in the bloodstream. Each term plays an essential role in the overarching theme of understanding infectious diseases and relates back to the context of immunology and susceptibility, where understanding the vectors and the nature of infections is crucial for advancing public health measures and treatment strategies.


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<table border="1" class="dataframe">
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    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Both a and b\nMULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided.\nb.\nTest tube method\nd.\nNeither a nor b\nWhich of the following mechanisms is responsible for resistance to\n4.\nantibiotics?\na.\nLack of enzymes that would accelerate antibiotic metabolism\nb.\nProduction of proteins with similar structure as the antibiotic\nc.\nDevelopment of efflux pumps that prevent accumulation of the\nantibiotic\nd.\nExpression of resistance genes that will cause accumulation of the\nantibiotic in the host\nWhich of the following combinations of antibiotic and mechanism of action\n5.\nis correct?\na.\nCell wall inhibition – Penicillin\nb.\nCell membrane alteration – Vancomycin\nc.\nProtein synthesis inhibition – Nystatin</td>
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    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td>Name:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td>A.A.\nMATCHING TYPE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided.\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n--\nMatch the stage of infection (Column A) with the corresponding\nI.I.\nevents\noccurring during each stage (Column B).\nColumn A\nColumn B\n1.\na.\nIncubation period\nSigns and symptoms of the</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>12</th>
      <td>2.\npatient start to decline\nProdromal period</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>13</th>
      <td>3.\nb.\nPeriod of illness\nPeriod of maximal invasion</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>14</th>
      <td>4.\nc.\nPeriod of defervescence\nRecovery period</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>15</th>
      <td>d.\n5.\nEarly but mild symptoms;\nPeriod of convalescence\nusually\nnon-specific manifestations</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>16</th>
      <td>e.</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The provided content seems to stem from a nursing or microbiology educational context, specifically focusing on infection mechanisms and stages of infection. It begins with an understanding of different terms that relate to pathogens, their carriers, and types of infections, which are presented in a matching format. The terms are predominantly organized in two columns: Column A details the pathogen entry points and infection types, while Column B provides definitions or explanations for these terms.

For instance, the terms in Column A include "Carrier," "Fomite," "Vector," "Vehicle," and "Septicemia," with corresponding definitions such as "Insect that transmits infection" and "Presence of bacteria in the blood." Additionally, the list outlines various types of infections, with terms like "Fulminant infection," which is characterized by a rapid and often fatal progression, and "Nosocomial infection," which references infections acquired in healthcare settings. 

In conjunction with these terms, the latter part of the content appears to relate to the stages of infection, detailed within matching scenarios that describe each stage of the infection process: the "Incubation period," "Prodromal period," "Period of illness," and subsequent stages like "Recovery period" and "Period of convalescence." These stages elaborate on what occurs during each phase, from the initial signs and symptoms to the recovery process, emphasizing the clinical understanding necessary for nursing practice.

Overall, the information reflects critical learning points in understanding microbial infections, their transmission modes, and the clinical implications of different infection stages, which are essential for effective nursing care and patient management in a healthcare environment.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Column B\nIndicative\nof\nallergic\nreactions\nand\nparasitic</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>infections</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>Serves as surface markers for B cells</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Found in body secretions like the saliva and\ntears</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>Predominant antibody during chronic infections</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Predominant antibody during acute infections</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The content surrounding the table indicates a focus on various protozoans and their associations, primarily relating to parasitology and immune responses. Within this context, the table presents a structured overview of different indicators related to allergic reactions and parasitic infections, along with the roles played by specific antibodies in these processes.

In the table, each entry is listed chronologically, with rows numbered from zero to four. The first row describes a characteristic associated with Column B, noting that it is indicative of allergic reactions and parasitic infections. The subsequent entries continue to elaborate on the functions of different antibodies within the immune system. For instance, it highlights how certain antibodies serve as surface markers for B cells, which are crucial components of the adaptive immune response. Further, it notes the presence of these antibodies in body secretions such as saliva and tears, indicating their roles in mucosal immunity and local defense mechanisms.

Moreover, the entries delve into the distinctions in antibody responses based on the type of infection, categorizing them into chronic and acute conditions. The table identifies the predominant antibody types during these stages of infection—chronic infections prominently involve one type of antibody, while another dominates during acute infections. This differentiation emphasizes the complex nature of the immune response and its adaptation to varying pathogenic challenges. Overall, the table serves as a concise reference that connects the immune system's functionality with the parasitic context introduced in the surrounding text.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided.\nWhich of the following is correct regarding the importance of antibiotic\nsusceptibility testing (AST)?</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>a.\nIt will aid the physician as to the appropriate antibiotic to give the\npatient.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>b.\nIt will prevent resistance because it will indicate how long the drug\nmust be given.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>c.\nIt will aid in the choice of what culture media to use.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>d.\nIt will test development of hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction to a\ncertain antibiotic.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>Which of the following is a desirable characteristic of an ideal antimicrobial\nagent?</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>a.\nNarrow spectrum of activity</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>b.\nMust remain longer in liquid form</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td>c.\nWith preventable adverse effects</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>d.\nToxic to microbial cell but not to humans</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td>What is the method of antibiotic susceptibility testing used to determine the\nbacteriostatic and bactericidal concentration of an antibiotic?</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td>a.\nDisc diffusion method\nc.</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The content presented in the HTML table is organized into multiple choice questions that address various aspects of antibiotic susceptibility testing and the characteristics of ideal antimicrobial agents. Each row contains a specific question or statement, followed by multiple answer options labeled with letters a through d, allowing for a straightforward selection of the correct response.

The first question asks about the importance of antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) and presents four potential benefits. Option 'a' emphasizes that AST can guide physicians in selecting appropriate antibiotics for patients, which is crucial for effective treatment. Option 'b' suggests that AST can help prevent antibiotic resistance by indicating the necessary duration for which the antibiotic should be administered. While option 'c' pertains to the choice of culture media in AST, it is less relevant in a clinical context. Option 'd' highlights the role of AST in identifying allergic reactions to antibiotics, which also has clinical significance.

Following this, the table presents a question regarding desirable characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial agent. The options include various important traits, such as a narrow spectrum of activity (option 'a'), which is crucial for minimizing collateral damage to normal flora, and the requirement for the agent to remain in liquid form for effective delivery (option 'b'). Additionally, option 'c' mentions the importance of having preventable adverse effects, emphasizing patient safety. The final characteristic listed (option 'd') addresses the need for the antimicrobial to be toxic to microbial cells while remaining safe for human cells, a fundamental principle in the development of effective antibiotics.

Lastly, the table poses a question about the method used to determine the bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentration of an antibiotic, presenting one viable option: the disc diffusion method (option 'a'). However, this question appears to be truncated, indicating further response options may be present in an expanded format. Overall, the content effectively encapsulates fundamental knowledge regarding antibiotic susceptibility testing and the characteristics of ideal antimicrobial agents, facilitating comprehension and discussion in a clinical or educational setting.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Column B\na.\nAdherence and conjugation\nb.\nProtein synthesis\nc.\nFor storage of food and energy\nd.\nResistance to adverse\nenvironmental conditions\ne.\nMotility\nf.\nResistance to phagocytosis\ng.\nEndotoxin activity\nh.\nGives form and rigidity to the\ncell\ni.\nSite of ATP production\nj.\nContains the genetic material of\nthe bacteria</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>12</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>13</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>14</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>15</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>16</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>17</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>18</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>19</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The provided content outlines a segment related to antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) and its relevance in clinical settings. It highlights the importance of AST, emphasizing that it aids physicians in selecting the appropriate antibiotics for patients. Additionally, it underscores that AST can provide insights into the duration of antibiotic treatment needed to prevent resistance, as well as inform the choice of culture media for testing. The information positions AST as crucial in managing bacterial infections effectively, helping clinicians make informed decisions about antimicrobial therapy.

Surrounding the contextual text is a detailed table that appears to list various functions or characteristics associated with a biological component, potentially the bacterial cell itself. The first column is labeled numerically from 0 to 19, indicating the presence of multiple rows, while the solitary second column for row 0 contains enumerated items labeled from (a) to (j). These items offer a range of functions including adherence and conjugation, protein synthesis, and resistance to adverse environmental conditions, among others. Each of these functions is critical to understanding bacterial behavior and interaction with antibiotics, which correlates with the earlier context discussing susceptibility testing.

The absence of additional information in the subsequent rows suggests that this table may serve as an incomplete framework or a prompt for further elaboration about bacterial structures and their associated functions. The listed functions encompass essential aspects of bacterial survival and pathogenicity, such as motility, endotoxin activity, and genetic material storage, which are all vital in the context of antibiotic effectiveness and the mechanisms through which bacteria can develop resistance. This synthesis of the contextual information with the table illustrates a focused approach to teaching or assessing knowledge about antibiotics and the biology of bacteria, ultimately contributing to improved clinical practices in microbiology and infectious disease management.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
      <th>1</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>Immunological memory\nInnate\nProperty\nAdaptive immunity\nImmunity\nHypersensitivity\nDescriptive name\nMediator(s)\nExample(s)\nReaction\nType I\nType II\nType III\nType IV\nColumn\nColumn B\nA\nIndicative\nof\n1.\nallergic\na.\nIgG\nreactions\nand\nparasitic</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>2.\ninfections\nIgM</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>3.\nb.\nServes as surface markers for B cells\nIgA</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>4.\nFound in body secretions like the saliva and\nc.\nIgE\ntears</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>5.\nd.\nPredominant antibody during chronic infections\nIgD</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>e.\nPredominant antibody during acute infections\nColumn A\nColumn B\n1.\nBone marrow\na.\nPrimary lymphoid organ\nSecondary lymphoid\n2.\nSpleen\nb.\norgan\n3.\nAppendix\n4.\nThymus\nMucosa-associated lymphoid\n5.\ntissues\nName:\nScore:\nSection:\nDate:\nMatch the protozoans in Column A with their\nA.A.\nrespective vectors in Column B.\nColumn A\n1.\nTrypanosoma cruzi\n2.\nTrypanosoma brucei\n3.\nLeishmania sp.</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The table presented encompasses several important aspects of immunological memory, the components of adaptive immunity, and their relevant properties and examples. Within this structure, two main columns are identified—labeled as Column A and Column B—demonstrating a matching format designed to pair specific immunological concepts and characteristics.

In the first row of the table, there are terms like "Immunological memory," "Innate," and "Adaptive immunity," which reference fundamental principles of immune responses. Accompanying these are specific antibody types such as IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, and IgD, with brief descriptions of their roles and functions. For instance, IgE is noted for its association with allergic reactions and parasitic infections, while IgA is highlighted for its presence in body secretions like saliva and tears. Furthermore, the table implies the roles these antibodies serve, with IgG recognized as the predominant antibody during acute infections, in contrast to IgD, which holds a different significance during chronic infections.

Additionally, the table elaborates on lymphoid organs through a mapping of structures in Column A with their appropriate descriptors in Column B. Bone marrow, the spleen, thymus, and the appendix are categorized into primary and secondary lymphoid organs. The connections formed within the table elucidate the intricate nature of the immune system, emphasizing not only the variety of immunological responses but also the specific components that facilitate these responses, enhancing the understanding of adaptive immunity in a biological context. Overall, this detailed representation of immune properties and their respective entities fosters a clearer comprehension for individuals studying immunology.


key: html
string_value:
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
  <thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
      <th></th>
      <th>0</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th>0</th>
      <td>MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space\nprovided.\nWhich of the following trematodes is acquired through skin</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>1</th>
      <td>c.\nClonorchis sinensis</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>2</th>
      <td>d.\nFasciola hepatica</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>3</th>
      <td>Which of the following trematodes cause infection that mimics</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>4</th>
      <td>c.\nClonorchis sinensis</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>5</th>
      <td>d.\nFasciola hepatica</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>6</th>
      <td>Which of the following is the only schistosome where domestic</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>7</th>
      <td>c.\nSchistosoma haematobium</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>8</th>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>9</th>
      <td>Which of the following trematodes can cause obstructive jaundice?</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>10</th>
      <td>c.\nSchistosoma mansoni</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>11</th>
      <td>d.\nFasciola hepatica</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>12</th>
      <td>Which of the following causes a disease that mimics duodenal ulcer?</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>13</th>
      <td>c.\nSchistosoma mansoni</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


key: chroma:document
string_value:
The provided HTML representation features a table that outlines a series of multiple-choice questions related to various trematode parasites, which are also referred to as flukes. Each row addresses a question followed by answer choices labeled with letters. The first question queries which trematode can be acquired through the skin, presenting choices including Clonorchis sinensis and Fasciola hepatica. Subsequent questions continue along a similar theme, asking about specific infections caused by these parasites and their implications.

For instance, one question investigates which trematode can cause an infection that mimics a duodenal ulcer, again providing options that include Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola hepatica. The table also takes a look at the lifecycle and host associations of certain parasites, indicating the complexities involved in infections like obstructive jaundice, where choices include Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola hepatica. Notably, the questions focus on understanding the pathology and the specific species of trematodes that are associated with various health complications and modes of transmission.

The context surrounding the table hints at a structured testing format, possibly for educational or assessment purposes aimed at nursing students studying microbiology. It highlights the critical relationship between parasitic infections and the associated diseases, emphasizing knowledge of the parasites' life cycles and pathologies. Overall, the information encapsulated in the table aligns with the broader objective of understanding the impact of these parasitic infections on human health.


